Acquired Brain Injury and Addictions-Mental Health Collaborative – 2019-11-04
Over several months, a 20-member, multi-sector (hospital and community-based rehabilitation, hospital and community-based mental health and addictions and women’s shelter) and lived experience working group in Southeastern Ontario (SEO) met to develop a mechanism for addressing the complex, unmet needs
Building a Service Resolution Function in Toronto – Recommendations for Meeting the Needs of People with Complex Mental Health & Justice Challenges – 2015-11-18
We will present findings from our recent research conducted for the T-HSJCC, from which we developed the characteristics of distinctive models of service resolution tailored for the Toronto context, for people with complex mental health and addictions needs involved (or at
Experiences of Professional Helping Relations by Persons with Co-occurring Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders
Recovery in co-occurring mental health and substance use disorders often involves relationships with professional helpers, yet little is known about how these are experienced by service users. The aim of this study was to explore and describe behaviour and attributes
Exploring the Relationship Between Dual Diagnosis and Recidivism in Drug Court Participants [2018]
There is limited research investigating the relationship between dual diagnosis and offender outcomes in drug court settings, specifically regarding recidivism. The current study examined the effects of dual diagnosis on recidivism following participation in one drug court in the Southwestern
Feasibility and Satisfaction of an Apartment Living Program for Homeless Adults With Mental Illness and Substance Use Disorder [2018]
Objective: We assessed the feasibility and satisfaction of an apartment living program for formerly homeless adults with mental health and substance use disorders. Method: A one-group pretest-posttest design was used with 22 participants who attended a six-week apartment living program.
Gender differences and program participation among prisoners with co-occurring substance abuse and mental health disorders [2019]
We examine a nationally representative sample of state inmates with co-occurring disorders (CODs) to consider their background, and ascertain whether inmate gender is related to their access to mental health and substance abuse treatment while serving their sentence. Women prisoners
Health Beliefs and Experiences of a Health Promotion Intervention Among Psychiatric Patients With Substance Use: An Interview Study – 2018
We aimed to explore beliefs about physical health from the perspective of patients with concurrent mental illness and substance use and to explore how a health promotion intervention influenced their personal agency for changing health-related behaviour. Our findings were that
History of co-occurring disorders and current mental health status among homeless veterans [2018]
Background Homeless veterans are at high risk for co-occurring disorders (COD), defined as mental illnesses that include at least one alcohol or other drug use disorder and at least one non-drug related mental disorder. However, epidemiological studies examining the prevalence
Housing First Improves Residential Stability in Homeless Adults With Concurrent Substance Dependence and Mental Disorders [2013]
Objectives. We examined the relationship between substance dependence and residential stability in homeless adults with current mental disorders 12 months after randomization to Housing First programs or treatment as usual (no housing or support through the study). Methods. The Vancouver
How the prison-to-community transition risk environment influences the experience of men with co-occurring mental health and substance use disorder [2017]
Previous research has established that people with severe mental illness and co-occurring substance use disorder leaving prison have multiple and complex health, social and economic challenges. How the criminal justice and mental health systems influence the individual prison-to-community transition experience
Identification and management of alcohol use and illicit substance use in outpatient psychiatric clinics in Sweden: a national survey of clinic directors and staff [2019]
Background Swedish national guidelines recommend that all health care settings systematically screen patients for alcohol use and illicit substance use. When hazardous use is identified, it should immediately be addressed, preferably through brief interventions (BI). It is well known that
Initiating and maintaining a recovery process – experiences of persons with dual diagnosis – 2018
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the internal and social factors that persons with experience from severe mental illness and alcohol and other drugs problems, and who have received treatment for these problems, describe as important for
Integrated substance use rehabilitation in a secure forensic facility [2019]
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to inform the development of an evidence-based and effective rehabilitation programme to address substance use disorders in a population of patients with severe mental illness and mental disorders detained in a secure forensic
Integrating a Co-occurring Disorders Intervention in Drug Courts: An Open Pilot Trial [2018]
Little research has focused on systematically integrating clinical treatment within existing drug court procedures. This could be particularly useful for clients with substance use disorders, who comprise those on court dockets and often have co-existing mental health issues. This article
Intermittent Explosive Disorder and Substance Use Disorder: Analysis of the National Comorbidity Survey Replication Sample [2017]
Objective: A relationship between aggression and substance use has been debated for many years. While substance use increases the risk of aggressive behavior, no studies have reported on the relationship between impulsive aggression and substance use/disorder, specifically. Methods: We analyzed
Marijuana Use Is Associated With Worse Outcomes in Symptom Severity and Violent Behavior in Patients With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder [2015]
Objective: An increasing number of states have approved posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as a qualifying condition for medical marijuana, although little evidence exists evaluating the effect of marijuana use in PTSD. We examined the association between marijuana use and PTSD
Medication-Assisted Treatment for Alcohol-Dependent Adults With Serious Mental Illness and Criminal Justice Involvement: Effects on Treatment Utilization and Outcomes [2018]
Objective: Adults with serious mental illness and comorbid alcohol dependence are at high risk for both high utilization of crisis-driven health care services and criminal justice involvement. Evidence-based medication-assisted treatment (MAT) for alcohol dependence may reduce both crisis service utilization
Mental Health Nurses’ Attitudes towards Consumers with co-Existing Mental Health and Drug and Alcohol Problems: A Scoping Review [2020]
Consumers with co-existing mental health and drug/alcohol problems are exposed to more stigma than those with any other health problems. This scoping review aimed to systematically map the available literature regarding mental health nurses’ attitudes, empathy, and caring efficacy towards
Multidimensional Family Therapy as a community-based alternative to residential treatment for adolescents with substance use and co-occurring mental health disorders – 2018
Highlights • During the first 2 months of treatment, youth in both treatments showed significant reductions on all outcomes. • During the first 2 months of treatment, MDFT had greater reductions in internalizing symptoms. • At 18 months after baseline, MDFT
Narratives of recovery in people with coexisting mental health and alcohol misuse difficulties – 2018
Purpose Existing literature has examined what recovery means to people with co-occurring difficulties, but does little to examine experiences of recovery as a process. The purpose of this paper is to use a narrative approach to explore the process of
Patterns of Substance Abuse in Offenders With Schizophrenia— Illness-Related or Criminal Life-Style? – 2018
Objective: The impact of substance abuse on violent behavior in patients suffering from schizophrenia is well-known. However, the association between the pattern of substance abuse and certain aspects of criminal behavior like the severity of offense, the previous history of
Perceived Self-Control is Related to Mental Distress in Patients Entering Substance Use Disorder Treatment – 2018-01
Background: Levels of mental distress are high in patients with substance use disorders (SUD) and investigation of correlates may broaden our understanding of this comorbidity. Objectives: We investigated self-reported symptoms of mental distress among individuals entering either outpatient opioid maintenance
Permanent Supportive Housing and Specialized Co-Occurring Disorders Wraparound Services for Homeless Individuals [2019]
Objective: Among individuals experiencing chronic homelessness, there is a high rate of co-occurring mental health and substance use, which has traditionally been addressed through the delivery of permanent supportive housing along with substance use and mental health services. However, this
Placement of chronically homeless into different types of permanent supportive housing before and after a coordinated entry system: The influence of severe mental illness, substance use disorder, and dual diagnosis on housing configuration and intensity of services [2020]
AimsPermanent supportive housing (PSH) is designed to house people who experience chronic homelessness with one or more of the following: serious mental illness (SMI), substance use disorders (SUD) or human immunodeficiency virus. The Department of Housing and Urban Development has
Poverty matters: Cannabis use among people with serious mental illness: Findings from the United States survey on drug use and health, 2015 [2018]
Background: Little is known about the influence of contextual characteristics on comorbid substance use and serious mental illness (SMI). Aims: To explore the role of poverty on comorbid SMI and cannabis use. Methods: We used data from the 2015 National
Prevalence, Diagnosis, and Treatment Rates of Mood Disorders among Opioid Users under Criminal Justice Supervision [2018]
Background: Individuals involved in the criminal justice system have disproportionately high rates of psychiatric disorders when compared to the general U.S. population. If left untreated, the likelihood of subsequent arrest increases and risk for adverse health consequences is great, particularly
Psychiatric and Substance Use Comorbidity in Treatment-Seeking Injection Opioid Users Referred From Syringe Exchange [2018]
Objective: The present study evaluated rates of co-occurring current psychiatric and substance use disorders in a sample of opioid-dependent treatment-seeking injection drug users referred from syringe exchange. Methods: Participants (N = 208) completed the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical
Psychiatric disorders, substance use, and executive functioning in older probationers [2018]
Background Although the number of older people serving community sentences (probation) after conviction for a criminal offence in England and Wales has increased rapidly since about 2006, this population has received little research attention. Aim To examine the mental health,
Recovery from mental illness versus substance use disorder [2020]
PurposeWhile serious mental illness (SMI) and substance use disorders (SUD) are common, less research has focused on causal beliefs across conditions. This is an important question when trying to understand the experience of dual diagnosis. The purpose of this paper
Sharing power in criminal justice: The potential of co‐production for offenders experiencing mental health and addictions in New Zealand – 2-18
Co‐production has begun to make inroads into research, policy, and practice in mental health and addictions. Little is known, however, about the role co‐production has or could have in shaping how the criminal justice system responds to mental health and
Substance Dependence Among Bipolar, Unipolar Depression and Psychotic Homeless: A Canadian National Study [2018]
Introduction: Homeless individuals are often mischaracterized as members of a homogeneous population that suffers from a wide mental health and addiction issues, with little consideration of potentially important differences within or between samples. The aim of the present study was
Substance use and at‐risk mental state for psychosis in 2102 prisoners: the case for early detection and early intervention in prison – 2018
Aim Prisoners exhibit high rates of substance use and mental health problems. In the present study, we sought to gain a detailed understanding of substance use amongst young prisoners to inform early detection and early intervention strategies in a prison
Substance use and other mental health disorders among older prisoners [2019]
The goal of this study is to explore the status quo of mental health and substance use problems among older prisoners. Our review presents the prevalence as well as co-occurrence of substance use and other mental health disorders in older
Substance use disorders in patients with intellectual disability admitted to psychiatric hospitalisation [2018]
Background Few studies have looked at the prevalence of substance use disorders (SUD) in people with intellectual disability (ID). The results range between 1% and 6.4% and go up to 20% in people with ID and psychiatric disorders, probably underestimating
Substance use, comorbid psychiatric disorders and suicide attempts in adult FASD patients [2019]
Purpose Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are a group of developmental disabilities related to prenatal alcohol exposure. FASD is a life-long lasting condition with various neurocognitive impairments and deficits in daily-life functioning. Research also indicates that FASD patients have an
Suicidal Ideation and Suicide Attempts among Women Seeking Treatment for Substance Use and Trauma Symptoms – 2018
Substance use disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder have been associated with suicide. Through secondary analysis of the screening data from the Women and Trauma Study conducted by the National Institute on Drug Abuse Clinical Trials Network, the present study examined
Systematic review of qualitative evaluations of reentry programs addressing problematic drug use and mental health disorders amongst people transitioning from prison to communities – 2018
Background The paper presents a systematic review and metasynthesis of findings from qualitative evaluations of community reentry programs. The programs sought to engage recently released adult prison inmates with either problematic drug use or a mental health disorder. Methods Seven
The association of cannabis use on inpatient psychiatric hospital outcomes – 2017-06-14
Background: The associations between cannabis use and psychosis are well documented in numerous studies. There is a need to evaluate the impact of cannabis use on inpatient psychiatric utilization and outcomes. Objectives: To evaluate the impact of cannabis use on
The Effect of Brief Interventions for Alcohol Among People with Comorbid Mental Health Conditions: A Systematic Review of Randomized Trials and Narrative Synthesis [2018]
Aims To review the evidence on the effect of brief interventions (BIs) for alcohol among adults with risky alcohol consumption and comorbid mental health conditions. Methods A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published before May 2016 was undertaken
The Effectiveness of a Mental Health Court in Reducing Recidivism in Individuals with Severe Mental Illness and Comorbid Substance Use Disorder [2018]
The current study examined the efficacy of a specialized mental health court in reducing recidivism for severely mentally ill defendants with comorbid substance use disorders. There is a wealth of research supporting the efficacy of mental health courts in reducing
The Fierce Urgency of Now: Improving Outcomes for Justice-Involved People With Serious Mental Illness and Substance Misuse – 2018
People with serious mental illness are more likely to be arrested multiple times for the same crime, spend more time in jail before adjudication, serve longer sentences, and have higher recidivism rates than those without mental illness. Several conceptual foundations,
The Impact of Dual Diagnosis on Drug Court Failure [2018]
There is limited research investigating the relationship between dual diagnosis and drug court outcomes. The current study examines the relationship between dual diagnosis and drug court failure by specific failure type. Utilizing data from a large urban drug court in
The Observed Longitudinal Relationship between Future Orientation and Substance Use Among a Cohort of Youth with Serious Criminal Offenses [2018]
Background: Future orientation (FO), an essential construct in youth development, encompassing goals, expectations for life, and ability to plan for the future. This study uses a multidimensional measure of future orientation to assess the relationship between change in future orientation
The Role of Controlled Substance Use in Diversion Outcomes Among Mentally Ill Offenders: A Pilot Study [2017]
Diversion programs offer opportunities to offenders with substance abuse or mental illness to attend treatment as an alternative to incarceration. The present study identified variables associated with drug relapse and recidivism and the moderating role of substance use on recidivism
The Role of Impulsivity Dimensions in the Relation Between Probable Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Aggressive Behavior Among Substance Users [2017]
Objective: Individuals with co-occurring posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorder report heightened levels of numerous risky and health-compromising behaviors, including aggressive behaviors. Given evidence that aggressive behavior is associated with negative substance use disorder treatment outcomes, research is
Translating evidence-based practice for managing comorbid substance use and mental illness using a multi-modal training package – 2018
Comorbid mental health and substance use problems are highly prevalent in substance use treatment settings and generally lead to poorer treatment outcomes. Pathways to Comorbidity Care (PCC) is a multi-modal training program developed to encourage an integrated service approach to
Treating Co-Occurring Disorders in Jails: Outcome Findings From a Second Chance Act Offender Reentry Program [2018]
Widespread implementation of offender reentry programming has increased justice program evaluations but few have featured research designs sufficiently rigorous to optimally inform policy. Program evaluations typically neglect program fidelity concerns to focus on outcome analysis that seldom feature optimal spuriousness
Why run the risk? Motivation for offences by patients with substance use and antisocial personality disorders which they rated as most risky to their own well‐being – 2018
Background Understanding motives for offending is important for the development and delivery of effective interventions. Aims To explore associations between variables with motivational implications and the offence committed in the past year rated by people with antisocial personality disorder and
