Crossroads in Mental Health Crisis and Law Enforcement – Webinar – 2020-01-23
Evolving social, economic and fiscal realities have created a strain in the treatment of mental illness. As a result of this strain, police services often become the first line of contact between a person in crisis and available resources. Police
HSJCC – Crossroads in Mental Health Crisis and Law Enforcement – 2019-11-04
Evolving social, economic and fiscal realities have created a strain in the treatment of mental illness. As a result of this strain, police services often become the first line of contact between a person in crisis and available resources. Police
Joint Mobile Crisis Response Pilot Project – Made in Thunder Bay – 2019-11-04
The Joint Mobile Crisis Response Pilot Project is an innovative partnership between Canadian Mental Health Association – Thunder Bay, Thunder Bay Police Service, and the Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Centre. Crisis workers partner with police to respond to mental
Mental health crisis resolution teams and crisis care systems in England: a national survey – 2018
Aims and method A national survey investigated the implementation of mental health crisis resolution teams (CRTs) in England. CRTs were mapped and team managers completed an online survey. Results Ninety-five per cent of mapped CRTs (n = 233) completed the
Mental health crisis training for non-mental health professionals [2020]
PurposeThis study aims to evaluate a training in mental health crisis support for non-mental health professionals who work in urgent care settings. The training consists of an e-learning module, a one-day face-to-face (F2F) interactive study day and simulation training. Design/methodology/approachThis
Mental Health Engagement and Response Team(MHEART) – Why Crisis Response should be Multi-Sectoral and Flexible – 2019-11-04
After years of program reorganization, and re-deployment of resources to meet the needs of individuals in mental health crisis; and coinciding with the creation of the Northumberland County Situation Table, the MHEART program was created. This workshop will share the
Mental health training programmes for non-mental health trained professionals coming into contact with people with mental ill health: a systematic review of effectiveness [2017]
BackgroundThe police and others in occupations where they come into close contact with people experiencing/with mental ill health, often have to manage difficult and complex situations. Training is needed to equip them to recognise and assist when someone has a
Mobile Crisis Intervention Team (MCIT) – Development and Evaluation of Toronto’s Co-Responding Police Mental Health Service Team – 2015-11-17
The Mobile Crisis Intervention Team (MCIT) is a co-responding police-mental health program. This presentation will share the process of coordinating MCIT’s across hospital, LHIN, and justice/healthcare boundaries. The results of a mixed-method outcome evaluation will be presented, focusing on clients’ experiences with
Mobile Crisis Rapid Response Team (Hamilton)
This presentation will focus on the development and outcomes of a new first responder model that pairs police officers and mental health crisis workers for 911 response in Hamilton, ON. A description of how the MCRRT evolved from a strong
Mobile Crisis Response Teams in Ontario: A Provincial Framework and Toolkit – 2019-11-05
Over the past 20 years in Ontario, there has been ongoing development and implementation of collaborative crisis response teams that involve police and mental health and addictions service providers responding to front line crises. While great successes have been seen,
Mobile Integrated Team – Creating Capacity through Mobile Response – 2019-11-05
The Mobile Integrated Team (MIT) is a joint pilot project between Lutheran Community Care Centre, Community Living Thunder Bay and Options Northwest. They provide a flexible and responsive model of support to adults with developmental disabilities and other multi-sector, complex
Multi‐site study exploring the experiences of security staff responding to mental health, drug health and behavioural challenges in the emergency department [2020]
ObjectiveThis multi‐site study aimed to give voice to the views and experiences of security staff in assisting with the response to the growing number of people with mental health, drug health and behavioural problems attending EDs. MethodsExplorative qualitative research design,
National implementation of a mental health service model: A survey of Crisis Resolution Teams in England – 2017-01
In response to pressures on mental health inpatient beds and a perceived ‘crisis in acute care’, Crisis Resolution Teams (CRTs), acute home treatment services, were implemented nationally in England following the NHS Plan in the year 2000: an unprecedentedly prescriptive
National Trends in Emergency Department Visits by Adults With Mental Health Disorders [2016]
Background Although mental health disorders (MHDs) affect as many as 1 in 4 adults in the U.S., the national trends in emergency department (ED) use for adults who have MHD comorbidities are unknown. Objective To evaluate the role of mental
Paramedics’ perceptions of their scope of practice in caring for patients with non-medical emergency-related mental health and/or alcohol and other drug problems: A qualitative study [2018]
Background Paramedics are called on frequently to provide care to patients with mental health and/or and alcohol and other drug (AOD) problems, but may have mixed views about how this fits within their role. Aims To explore paramedics’ experience of
Perceptions of Procedural Justice and Coercion during Community-Based Mental Health Crisis: A Comparison Study among Stand-Alone Police Response and Co-Responding Police and Mental Health Clinician Response [2016]
The interaction of police officers with people experiencing community-based mental health crisis has involved the use of first responder police responses and/or co-responding approaches with mental health clinicians. Despite favourable outcomes, the consumer experience remains largely unknown. The aim of
Perspectives on Indigenous cultural competency and safety in Canadian hospital emergency departments: A scoping review [2019]
Highlights • There are multiple perspectives on how to create culturally safe EDs for Indigenous patients. • Key facilitators include relationship building and ED-specific cultural competency training. • Key barriers include ED capacity limitations and racism/discrimination. • ED cultural safety
Police and mental health responses to mental health crisis in the Waikato region of New Zealand [2018]
New Zealand police report a high level of involvement with people in mental health crisis, something that has been reported in the international literature in recent decades. Involvement of police represents a coercive pathway to care and is likely to
Police Involvement in Involuntary Psychiatry Admission: A Report From the Dublin Involuntary Admission Study [2020]
Objective:The authors sought to compare diagnostic and demographic factors among patients who were involuntarily admitted to psychiatry care with or without police involvement. Methods:All admissions to psychiatry units in two university hospitals in Ireland were studied over a 3.5-year period.
Policies and procedures for patient transfers from community clinics to emergency departments under the mental health act: Review and policy scan [2020]
ObjectiveThe objective of this commentary is to summarize the few findings from the scientific literature pertaining to humane mental health transfer practices in the province of Ontario as well as the broader Canadian and international context. These findings are juxtaposed
Policing mental health: The composition and perceived challenges of Co-response Teams and Crisis Intervention Teams in the Canadian context [2020]
Due to an increase in interactions between the police and persons with perceived mental illness (PwPMI), police services have begun deploying specialized crisis responses to more adequately address these calls. One such response is a Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) that
Prevalence and predictors of involuntary psychiatric hospital admissions in Ontario, Canada: a population-based linked administrative database study – 2018
Background Involuntary admissions to psychiatric hospitals are common; however, research examining the trends in prevalence over time and predictors is limited. Aims To examine trends in prevalence and risk factors for involuntary admissions in Ontario, Canada. Method We conducted an
Psychiatric Emergency Services – Can Duty-Hour Changes Help Residents and Patients? [2018]
Limitations on resident duty hours have been widely introduced with the intention of decreasing resident fatigue and improving patient outcomes. While there is evidence of improvement in resident well-being and education following such initiatives, they have inadvertently resulted in increased
Psychosocial stressors contributing to emergency psychiatric service utilization in a sample of ethno-culturally diverse clients with psychosis in Toronto [2017]
BackgroundUnderstanding the psychosocial stressors of people with psychoses from minority ethnic groups may help in the development of culturally appropriate services. This study aimed to compare psychosocial factors associated with attendance at an emergency department (ED) for six ethnic groups.
Referrals to a mental health criminal justice Liaison and diversion team in the North East of England [2018]
There is growing interest in the health correlates of people detained in police custody, and a number of innovations have been introduced to try to meet the complex needs of detainees. The implementation of Criminal Justice Liaison and Diversion (CJL&D)
Report says B.C.’s Mental Health Act needs overhaul – 2017-12-22
British Columbia is considered the most regressive jurisdiction in Canada for mental health detention and involuntary psychiatric treatment, with many practices violating individual human rights, according to a report released by the Community Legal Assistance Society of B.C. “B.C. has
Self-Reported Needs for Care, Support and Treatment of Persons Who Frequently Visit Psychiatric Emergency Rooms in Sweden [2018]
Aim: To investigate self-reported needs for care, support and treatment among persons who frequently visit psychiatric emergency rooms (PERs). Design: A cross-sectional design. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected using an interview-based manual. Qualitative data were analysed using content analysis,
Service Models for Urgent and Emergency Psychiatric Care: An Overview – 2018
There is variation in the way mental health services respond to urgent and emergency presentations, with few evidence-based models reported in the literature, and no agreed on best practice models. To inform the development of urgent and emergency psychiatric care
Special weapons and tactics teams in Canadian policing: legal, institutional, and economic dimensions [2019]
Despite extensive social science analysis of special weapons and tactics (SWAT) team deployment across the United States, the phenomenon in Canada has been overlooked. Drawing from data on deployments disclosed under freedom of information (FOI), legal decisions, and media data,
Specialized Crisis Team – Psychiatric Assistance at Police Incidents – 2016-11-16
The Waterloo Regional Police Service, Canadian Mental Health Association and the Local Health Integration Network (LHIN) have been involved in a partnership since February of 2013 to deliver enhanced mental health crisis services directly to those in need. Police officers attending mental health
Specialized Police-Based Mental Health Crisis Response: The First 10 Years of Colorado’s Crisis Intervention Team Implementation – 2018
Objective: This study examined the implementation of crisis intervention teams by law enforcement agencies in Colorado. Methods: Rates of Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) use, arrests, use of force, and injuries were assessed during 6,353 incidents involving individuals experiencing a
Specialized Response to Crisis – Toronto Police Service – 2018-01-10
It’s not often a near-stranger offers you a hug for the work you do while you’re in line at the supermarket. Mental-health nurse Shelagh Scanga, who partners with police constables as part of the Mobile Crisis Intervention Team (MCIT), had
Strategies to Implement Effective Police-ED Protocols
Police officers, by virtue of their role as emergency responders, are often the first to arrive on the scene of a mental health crisis, and they often accompany individuals to the emergency room. Police officers and emergency department (ED) staff
Street triage services in England: service models, national provision and the opinions of police [2018]
Aims and method Street triage services are increasingly common and part of standard responses to mental health crises in the community, but little is understood about them. We conducted a national survey of mental health trusts to gather detailed information
Suicidal attempts among patients with substance use disorders who present with suicidal ideation [2018]
Highlights• Patients with addiction problems have a great risk of suicidal ideation and attempts. • There are differences in patients in the different stages of suicidal behaviour. • Among suicidal ideators, 39.6% had attempted suicide. • Patients who attempt suicide show a worse clinical
Suicide screening scales may not adequately predict disposition of suicidal patients from the emergency department [2018]
Background Suicide screening scales have been advocated for use in the ED setting. However, it is currently unknown whether patients classified as low-risk on these scales can be safely discharged from the emergency department. This study evaluated the utility of
Temporal Patterns of Mental Health Act Calls to the Police [2018]
Recent research has shown that crime-related police calls for service account for 20–30% of police call-related activity. In this article, we analyse temporal patterns of calls for police service relating to mental health. Approximately, 22,000 mental health-related calls are analysed.
The Crisis and Transition Services (CATS) Model: A Program to Divert Youths in Mental Health Crisis From the Emergency Department [2020]
The Crisis and Transition Services (CATS) program is a novel approach to safely transitioning youths from the emergency department to outpatient care. The program provides intensive community-based support during the high-risk period after discharge from the emergency department. Preliminary results
The effect of inadequate access to healthcare services on emergency room visits. A comparison between physical and mental health conditions [2018]
This paper estimates the influence of inadequate access to healthcare services on the rate of Emergency Room (ER) hospital visits in Australia. We take micro-data on different types of healthcare shortfalls from the 2012 Australian Survey of Disability, Aging and
The Effectiveness of a Peer-Staffed Crisis Respite Program as an Alternative to Hospitalization [2018]
Objective: This study assessed whether peer-staffed crisis respite centers implemented in New York City in 2013 as an alternative to hospitalization reduced emergency department (ED) visits, hospitalizations, and Medicaid expenditures for individuals enrolled in Medicaid. Methods: This study used Medicaid
The Impact of Mental Health Resources on Police Officer Action [2020]
Concern over interactions between the police and public is more prevalent today than ever before. Specifically, the number of interactions between the police and individuals with mental health disorders (MHD) has increased as the resources from the mental health systems
The importance of gender in the spatial distribution of police interactions involving emotionally disturbed persons: an examination of call types [2017]
The current study investigates gender differences in the spatial distribution of the British Columbia Mental Health Act (MHA), criminal and non-criminal police calls-for-service involving emotionally disturbed persons (EDP). Using a sample of 4341 police incidents over a three-year period, 13
The unheard voice: a qualitative exploration of companions’ experiences of liaison psychiatry and mental health crises in the emergency department [2019]
Aims and method To understand the experience of companions of patients seen in the emergency department by liaison psychiatry teams. Participants were recruited via purposive sampling following a recent visit to the emergency department of an inner- or outer-London hospital.
Two‐year outcomes following naloxone administration by police officers or emergency medical services personnel [2020]
Research SummaryWe conducted a retrospective, quasi‐experimental study of a police naloxone program to examine individual outcomes following nonfatal overdose where either police (n = 111) or emergency medical services (n = 1,229) provided a first response and administered naloxone. Individuals
Understanding increasing rates of psychiatric hospital detentions in England: development and preliminary testing of an explanatory model [2020]
BackgroundThe steep rise in the rate of psychiatric hospital detentions in England is poorly understood. AimsTo identify explanations for the rise in detentions in England since 1983; to test their plausibility and support from evidence; to develop an explanatory model
Understanding the Changing Patterns of Behaviour Leading to Increased Detentions by the Police under Section 136 of the Mental Health Act 1983 [2018]
The number of detentions by the police under section 136 of the Mental Health Act has significantly increased over recent years. Over the same period, relative funding of mental health services has declined. The implication is that the latter has
Use of Emergency Rooms for Mental Health Reasons in Quebec: Barriers and Facilitators [2018]
This study explored barriers and facilitators in mental health (MH) patient management in four Quebec (Canada) emergency rooms (ERs) that used different operational models. Forty-nine stakeholders (managers, physicians, ER and addiction liaison team members) completed semi-structured interviews. Barriers and facilitators
Use of the emergency department as a first point of contact for mental health care by immigrant youth in Canada: a population-based study [2018]
BACKGROUND: Emergency department visits as a first point of contact for people with mental illness may reflect poor access to timely outpatient mental health care. We sought to determine the extent to which immigrants use the emergency department as an
What Psychiatrists Need to Know: Patients in the Emergency Department – Psychiatric Times [2018-08-16]
“If you’re having a psychiatric emergency, hang up and dial 911, or go to your nearest emergency room.” Most psychiatric patients are all too familiar with this voicemail message. And those who follow this advice, even calling 911, will still
Why Do Approved Mental Health Professionals Think Detentions under the Mental Health Act Are Rising and What Do They Think Should Be Done about It? [2020]
The number of people detained under the 1983 Mental Health Act has risen significantly in recent years and has recently been the subject of an independent review. Most existing research into the rise in detentions has tended to prioritise the
