‘If You call 911 they are going to kill me’: families’ experiences of mental health and deaths after police contact in the United States [2019]
This paper examines families’ perceptions of deaths after police contact of persons with mental illnesses (PMIs) in the United States. It uses qualitative semi-structured interviews with the bereaved family members of citizens who died after police contact in the US
A Co-Responder Model for Policing Mental Health Problems at Crime Hot Spots: Findings from a Pilot Project – 2018
The police often come into contact with people suffering from mental health and substance abuse problems and there is evidence to suggest that these individuals are concentrated in small geographic units. The purpose of the current research is to present
A Crisis in Search of Data: The Revolving Door of Serious Mental Illness in Super Utilization – 2017-04
Individuals with the serious mental illness are well known to be grossly overrepresented in the nation’s criminal justice and social safety-net systems. Making up barely 3% of the adult population, those with diagnoses of schizophrenia or severe bipolar disorder account
A systematic review of co-responder models of police mental health ‘street’ triage [2018]
Background Police mental health street triage is an increasingly common intervention when dealing with police incidents in which there is a suspected mental health component. We conducted a systematic review of street triage interventions with three aims. First, to identify
Analysis of emergency department length of stay for mental health visits: A case study of a Canadian academic hospital [2018]
CLINICIAN’S CAPSULE What is known about the topic? Little is available in Canadian literature regarding emergency department (ED) use by mental health patients. What did this study ask? Is the number of mental health visits to the ED increasing? Are
Analysis of Emergency Room Visits Reveals a Seriously Mentally Ill, Medically Fragile Population Requiring Strategic Management [2019]
OBJECTIVE: This practice improvement project evaluated the cost of health care services utilized by patients with comorbid mental and physical chronic conditions who were psychiatrically hospitalized but transported for health care services of physical symptoms that developed during their psychiatric
Assistants in nursing working with mental health consumers in the emergency department [2018]
Nursing students, regardless of setting, require skills in working with people with mental health issues. One way to provide students with learning opportunities within the context of limited undergraduate mental health content and lack of mental health placements is through
Barriers and facilitators to implementing an urban co-responding police-mental health team [2018]
Background In an effort to reduce the increasing number of persons with mental illness (PMI) experiencing incarceration, co-responding police-mental health teams are being utilized as a way to divert PMI from the criminal justice system. Co-response teams are typically an
Care of Youth in Their First Emergency Presentation for Psychotic Disorder: A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study [2018]
Objective: Emergency departments (EDs) are often the first point of care for youth with psychotic disorders; however, the care and aftercare they receive have not been well described. The aim of this study was to examine care and aftercare following
Characteristics of Psychiatric Emergency Situations and the Decision-Making Process Leading to Involuntary Admission [2019]
Introduction: Involuntary admissions to psychiatric hospitals, regardless of their beneficial effects, violate the patients’ autonomy. To keep such measures at a minimum and develop less restricting and coercive alternatives, a better understanding of the psychiatric emergency situations which end up
Crisis intervention team training: when police encounter persons with mental illness [2018]
The Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) model is an established training program used to improve police response to encounters involving persons with mental illness (PwMI). Diversion of PwMI from the criminal justice system to appropriate treatment providers in the community is
Do police–mental health co-responder programmes reduce emergency department presentations or simply delay the inevitable? [2018]
Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the outcomes for people following intervention by a police–mental health co-responder team. Method: Individuals seen by the co-responder team were followed for 2 weeks to monitor subsequent emergency department presentations and inpatient
Emergency care in case of acute psychotic and/or manic symptoms: Lived experiences of patients and their families with the first interventions of a mobile crisis team. A phenomenological study [2018]
1 Purpose To explore the lived experiences of patients with a psychotic or bipolar disorder and their families with emergency care during the first contact with a mobile crisis team. 2 Methods Open individual interviews were held with ten patients
Emergency service experiences of adults with autism spectrum disorder without intellectual disability – 2018
This study aimed to describe patterns of emergency department use and police interactions, as well as satisfaction with emergency services of 40 adults with autism spectrum disorder without intellectual disability over 12–18 months. Approximately 42.5% of the sample reported visiting the
Evaluating psychiatric readmissions in the emergency department of a large public hospital – 2018
Introduction: Hospital emergency departments (EDs) around the country are being challenged by an ever-increasing volume of patients seeking psychiatric services. This manuscript describes a study performed to identify internal and external factors contributing to repeated psychiatric patient admissions to the
First Presentation with Psychotic Symptoms to the Emergency Department [2017]
Background Mental health conditions account for 52.8 million (4.9–6.3%) emergency department (ED) visits in the United States. Psychotic conditions are responsible for approximately 10% of all mental health presentations. Objective We aimed to determine the underlying etiology and characteristics of
Grading the States: An Analysis of Involuntary Psychiatric Treatment Laws [2018]
Grading the States: An Analysis of U.S. Psychiatric Treatment Laws examines the laws that provide for involuntary treatment for psychiatric illness in each state. To do so, we asked a crucial question: Does the state law allow an individual in
How do ED patients with criminal justice contact compare with other ED users? A retrospective analysis of ED visits in California [2018]
Objective To assess the patterns of emergency department (ED) utilisation among those with and without criminal justice contact in California in 2014, comparing variation in ED use, visit frequency, diagnoses and insurance coverage. Design Retrospective, cross-sectional study. Setting Analyses included
Impact of acutely behavioural disturbed patients in the emergency department: A prospective observational study [2018]
Objective The present study describes patients with acute behavioural disturbance presenting to the ED, the impact they have on the department and any complications that occur. Methods We performed a prospective observational study of adult patients (>17 years old) requiring parenteral
Intensive home treatment for patients in acute psychiatric crisis situations: a multicentre randomized controlled trial – 2018
Background Hospitalization is a common method to intensify care for patients experiencing a psychiatric crisis. A short-term, specialised, out-patient crisis intervention by a Crisis Resolution Team (CRT) in the Netherlands, called Intensive Home Treatment (IHT), is a viable intervention which
Involuntary psychiatric admissions have increased significantly in Ontario: study – News Release – Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences – 2018-02-22
Involuntary psychiatric hospital admissions have increased steadily from 70.7 per cent of all psychiatric admissions in 2009 to 77.1 per cent in 2013. In a new study from the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (ICES) and the Centre for Addiction
Is 911 a Safe Option for a Mental Health Crisis? – Psychology Today – 2018-07-12
When I learned how to assess for suicide in graduate school, I was taught to add “go to the nearest ER or call 911” to any safety plan for a client who was not in imminent danger of self-harm but
Keeping It REAL: Assisting Individuals After a Police-Abated Mental Health Crisis [2018]
This article evaluates a community-based, peer support program in which police officers and mental health workers collaboratively address citizens’ mental health needs following encounters with law enforcement. We analyzed data 12, 24, and 36 months after a police-abated mental health
Length of Involuntary Hospitalization Related to the Referring Physician’s Psychiatric Emergency Experience – 2018-03
Although involuntary commitment (IC) is a serious intervention in psychiatry and must always be regarded as an emergency measure, the knowledge about influencing factors is limited. Aims were to test the hypothesis that duration of involuntary hospitalization and associated parameters
Mental health crisis resolution teams and crisis care systems in England: a national survey – 2018
Aims and method A national survey investigated the implementation of mental health crisis resolution teams (CRTs) in England. CRTs were mapped and team managers completed an online survey. Results Ninety-five per cent of mapped CRTs (n = 233) completed the
Mobile Crisis Intervention Team (MCIT) – Development and Evaluation of Toronto’s Co-Responding Police Mental Health Service Team – 2015-11-17
The Mobile Crisis Intervention Team (MCIT) is a co-responding police-mental health program. This presentation will share the process of coordinating MCIT’s across hospital, LHIN, and justice/healthcare boundaries. The results of a mixed-method outcome evaluation will be presented, focusing on clients’ experiences with
Mobile Crisis Rapid Response Team (Hamilton)
This presentation will focus on the development and outcomes of a new first responder model that pairs police officers and mental health crisis workers for 911 response in Hamilton, ON. A description of how the MCRRT evolved from a strong
National implementation of a mental health service model: A survey of Crisis Resolution Teams in England – 2017-01
In response to pressures on mental health inpatient beds and a perceived ‘crisis in acute care’, Crisis Resolution Teams (CRTs), acute home treatment services, were implemented nationally in England following the NHS Plan in the year 2000: an unprecedentedly prescriptive
National Trends in Emergency Department Visits by Adults With Mental Health Disorders [2016]
Background Although mental health disorders (MHDs) affect as many as 1 in 4 adults in the U.S., the national trends in emergency department (ED) use for adults who have MHD comorbidities are unknown. Objective To evaluate the role of mental
Paramedics’ perceptions of their scope of practice in caring for patients with non-medical emergency-related mental health and/or alcohol and other drug problems: A qualitative study [2018]
Background Paramedics are called on frequently to provide care to patients with mental health and/or and alcohol and other drug (AOD) problems, but may have mixed views about how this fits within their role. Aims To explore paramedics’ experience of
Police and mental health responses to mental health crisis in the Waikato region of New Zealand [2018]
New Zealand police report a high level of involvement with people in mental health crisis, something that has been reported in the international literature in recent decades. Involvement of police represents a coercive pathway to care and is likely to
Prevalence and predictors of involuntary psychiatric hospital admissions in Ontario, Canada: a population-based linked administrative database study – 2018
Background Involuntary admissions to psychiatric hospitals are common; however, research examining the trends in prevalence over time and predictors is limited. Aims To examine trends in prevalence and risk factors for involuntary admissions in Ontario, Canada. Method We conducted an
Psychiatric Emergency Services – Can Duty-Hour Changes Help Residents and Patients? [2018]
Limitations on resident duty hours have been widely introduced with the intention of decreasing resident fatigue and improving patient outcomes. While there is evidence of improvement in resident well-being and education following such initiatives, they have inadvertently resulted in increased
Referrals to a mental health criminal justice Liaison and diversion team in the North East of England [2018]
There is growing interest in the health correlates of people detained in police custody, and a number of innovations have been introduced to try to meet the complex needs of detainees. The implementation of Criminal Justice Liaison and Diversion (CJL&D)
Report says B.C.’s Mental Health Act needs overhaul – 2017-12-22
British Columbia is considered the most regressive jurisdiction in Canada for mental health detention and involuntary psychiatric treatment, with many practices violating individual human rights, according to a report released by the Community Legal Assistance Society of B.C. “B.C. has
Self-Reported Needs for Care, Support and Treatment of Persons Who Frequently Visit Psychiatric Emergency Rooms in Sweden [2018]
Aim: To investigate self-reported needs for care, support and treatment among persons who frequently visit psychiatric emergency rooms (PERs). Design: A cross-sectional design. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected using an interview-based manual. Qualitative data were analysed using content analysis,
Service Models for Urgent and Emergency Psychiatric Care: An Overview – 2018
There is variation in the way mental health services respond to urgent and emergency presentations, with few evidence-based models reported in the literature, and no agreed on best practice models. To inform the development of urgent and emergency psychiatric care
Specialized Crisis Team – Psychiatric Assistance at Police Incidents – 2016-11-16
The Waterloo Regional Police Service, Canadian Mental Health Association and the Local Health Integration Network (LHIN) have been involved in a partnership since February of 2013 to deliver enhanced mental health crisis services directly to those in need. Police officers attending mental health
Specialized Police-Based Mental Health Crisis Response: The First 10 Years of Colorado’s Crisis Intervention Team Implementation – 2018
Objective: This study examined the implementation of crisis intervention teams by law enforcement agencies in Colorado. Methods: Rates of Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) use, arrests, use of force, and injuries were assessed during 6,353 incidents involving individuals experiencing a
Specialized Response to Crisis – Toronto Police Service – 2018-01-10
It’s not often a near-stranger offers you a hug for the work you do while you’re in line at the supermarket. Mental-health nurse Shelagh Scanga, who partners with police constables as part of the Mobile Crisis Intervention Team (MCIT), had
Strategies to Implement Effective Police-ED Protocols
Police officers, by virtue of their role as emergency responders, are often the first to arrive on the scene of a mental health crisis, and they often accompany individuals to the emergency room. Police officers and emergency department (ED) staff
Street triage services in England: service models, national provision and the opinions of police [2018]
Aims and method Street triage services are increasingly common and part of standard responses to mental health crises in the community, but little is understood about them. We conducted a national survey of mental health trusts to gather detailed information
Suicidal attempts among patients with substance use disorders who present with suicidal ideation [2018]
Highlights• Patients with addiction problems have a great risk of suicidal ideation and attempts. • There are differences in patients in the different stages of suicidal behaviour. • Among suicidal ideators, 39.6% had attempted suicide. • Patients who attempt suicide show a worse clinical
Suicide screening scales may not adequately predict disposition of suicidal patients from the emergency department [2018]
Background Suicide screening scales have been advocated for use in the ED setting. However, it is currently unknown whether patients classified as low-risk on these scales can be safely discharged from the emergency department. This study evaluated the utility of
The effect of inadequate access to healthcare services on emergency room visits. A comparison between physical and mental health conditions [2018]
This paper estimates the influence of inadequate access to healthcare services on the rate of Emergency Room (ER) hospital visits in Australia. We take micro-data on different types of healthcare shortfalls from the 2012 Australian Survey of Disability, Aging and
The Effectiveness of a Peer-Staffed Crisis Respite Program as an Alternative to Hospitalization [2018]
Objective: This study assessed whether peer-staffed crisis respite centers implemented in New York City in 2013 as an alternative to hospitalization reduced emergency department (ED) visits, hospitalizations, and Medicaid expenditures for individuals enrolled in Medicaid. Methods: This study used Medicaid
Use of Emergency Rooms for Mental Health Reasons in Quebec: Barriers and Facilitators [2018]
This study explored barriers and facilitators in mental health (MH) patient management in four Quebec (Canada) emergency rooms (ERs) that used different operational models. Forty-nine stakeholders (managers, physicians, ER and addiction liaison team members) completed semi-structured interviews. Barriers and facilitators
Use of the emergency department as a first point of contact for mental health care by immigrant youth in Canada: a population-based study [2018]
BACKGROUND: Emergency department visits as a first point of contact for people with mental illness may reflect poor access to timely outpatient mental health care. We sought to determine the extent to which immigrants use the emergency department as an
What Psychiatrists Need to Know: Patients in the Emergency Department – Psychiatric Times [2018-08-16]
“If you’re having a psychiatric emergency, hang up and dial 911, or go to your nearest emergency room.” Most psychiatric patients are all too familiar with this voicemail message. And those who follow this advice, even calling 911, will still
