‘The guy might not even be able to remember why he’s here and what he’s in here for and why he’s locked in’: residents and prison staff experiences of living and working alongside people with dementia who are serving prison sentences for a sexual offence [2018]

Prison staff and residents with sexual convictions, from two UK prisons, were interviewed to explore their understanding and experiences of dementia. The aim was to explore understanding and experiences of dementia in response to Governor-identified needs in the prisons. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 prisoners and 17 prison staff

Deliberate ingestion of foreign bodies as a form of self-harm among inpatients within forensic mental health and intellectual disability services [2018]

Deliberate foreign body ingestion is a significant issue in prison and psychiatric settings. It is associated with serious physical complications, including bowel obstruction, perforation and haemorrhage. Episodes of deliberate foreign body ingestion were identified retrospectively from 5417 incident records from two inpatient forensic services (one mental health and one intellectual

A pilot study exploring mental health consumers’ experiences with the police [2018]

Police encounters with people experiencing mental illness are both common and problematic. While there is an international body of literature on police officers’ perceptions of mental-health-related incidents, few studies have sought to understand these encounters from the perspectives of people experiencing mental illness. This pilot study recruited 26 people through

An analysis of high-risk offending pathways for young females in custody [2018]

Adolescent females who have engaged in severe and/or chronic offending are an understudied population internationally. The literature on female offending pathways has indeed advanced, and there is a better understanding of how female offending behaviours manifest and how correctional agencies should be responding. However, much of the existing research has

Women and homelessness, a complex multidimensional issue: findings from a scoping review [2018]

Homelessness is an increasingly prevalent issue worldwide. Women represent the fastest growing segment of the homeless population and have differing needs to men. These differences need to be considered by service providers and other stakeholders working with homeless women. A scoping review was conducted to address the question “What is

Disparities in the Treatment of Substance Use Disorders: Does Where You Live Matter? [2018]

This study focused on (1) whether disparities in timely receipt of substance use services can be explained in part by the characteristics of the community in which the clients reside and (2) whether the effect of community characteristics on timely receipt of services was similar across racial/ethnic groups. The sample

Relation between opioid-related harms and socioeconomic inequalities in Ontario: a population-based descriptive study [2018]

Background: Negative health outcomes associated with the use of both prescribed and nonprescribed opioids are increasingly prevalent. We examined long-term trends in opioid-related harms in Ontario across a set of 6 indicators and the relation between harms and neighbourhood income in 2016. Methods: We examined rates of neonatal abstinence syndrome,

Staff awareness training: improving knowledge and confidence of autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disabilities in a locked rehabilitation unit [2018]

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a training package which was delivered to improve staff members’ knowledge and confidence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and intellectual disabilities (ID). Design/methodology/approach The training was facilitated in a locked rehabilitation unit for adult males, many of whom had diagnoses of

Autistic spectrum disorder and offending behaviour – a brief review of the literature [2018]

Purpose The purpose of this paper to synthesise much of the existing research on autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) and offending behaviour. Design/methodology/approach It considers three key areas, namely, first, a discussion about the nature of ASD and how it might be related to offending behaviour; second, a brief commentary about

Mental toughness and perceived stress in police and fire officers [2018]

Purpose Mental toughness describes a set of attributes relating to how individuals deal with challenges, stressors, and pressure. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships between mental toughness and perceived stress in police and fire officers. Design/methodology/approach The participants were 247 police officers and 130 fire fighters.

Prevalence and predictors of restrictive interventions in a youth‐specific mental health inpatient unit [2018]

Introduction The use of restrictive interventions is one of the most controversial practices in medicine. They are utilized in an inpatient setting to manage agitated or aggressive behaviour or to ensure that an individual receives the necessary treatments. However, restrictive interventions remove autonomy and adverse events can be associated with

Police response to individuals displaying suicidal or self‐harming behaviours: An integrative review [2018]

Police are increasingly being called upon to respond to people experiencing suicidal crisis. Such incidents are a challenging aspect of modern policing. This paper reports on an integrative review study that aimed to investigate police responses to individuals displaying suicidal or self‐harming behaviours. Six electronic databases were searched for peer‐reviewed

Does Alcohol Loosen the Tongue? Intoxicated Individuals’ Willingness to Report Transgressions or Criminal Behavior Carried out by Themselves or Others [2018]

Police commonly interview intoxicated suspects. This is concerning because intoxication often leads to a higher risk for impulsive decision‐making, and reduces inhibition and consideration of the future. However, the manner in which intoxication affects people’s reporting of unethical or criminal actions carried out by themselves or others is unknown, and

Research Priorities for Optimizing Long-term Community Integration after Brain Injury [2018]

Objective This paper reports on a funded summit, which convened a multidisciplinary group of experts to provide consensus on the research priorities necessary for improving long-term community integration of individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and their caregivers. Methods The 2-day summit was directed using the World Café Methodology, to

Risks, strengths, gender, and recidivism among justice-involved youth: A meta-analysis [2018]

Objective: Debate ensues regarding female-specific risk and strength factors among adolescent offenders. Using meta-analysis, we examined whether risk and strength factors predicted recidivism differentially between male and female youth. Method: Database searches identified 22 studies, representing 50,601 justice-involved youth (11,952 females and 38,649 males) and a total of 584 effect

Mental Illness Stigma: Limitations of Crisis Intervention Team Training [2018]

As police departments in the United States strive to improve their capacity to effectively engage individuals with mental illness (IMI), Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) training has become increasingly common. Limited empirical work has studied the effectiveness of CIT, and available studies demonstrate split evidence on the effectiveness of the approach.

The social inclusion of young people with serious mental illness: A narrative review of the literature and suggested future directions [2018]

Background: Social inclusion involves objective participatory (e.g. education/employment) and subjective (e.g. sense of belonging/acceptance) elements across multiple domains. It has been associated with enhanced physical and mental wellbeing yet is a novel construct in the empirical literature (i.e. measures have not been sufficiently developed). Aims: Young people with serious mental

The Relationship Between Risk, Criminogenic Need, and Recidivism for Indigenous Justice-Involved Youth [2018]

The risk–need–responsivity framework is widely used to guide the case management of justice-involved youth, but little research is available on its applicability to Indigenous populations. In the present study, we examined how standardized risk assessment, identification of criminogenic needs, and receipt of need-targeted programming related to recidivism in a sample