A qualitative study of LoveYourBrain Yoga: a group-based yoga with psychoeducation intervention to facilitate community integration for people with traumatic brain injury and their caregivers [2019]
Purpose: To explore participants’ experiences in a group-based yoga with psychoeducation intervention designed to facilitate community integration for people with traumatic brain injury and their caregivers. Materials and methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with 13 people with traumatic brain injury
Acquired Brain Injury and Addictions-Mental Health Collaborative – 2019-11-04
Over several months, a 20-member, multi-sector (hospital and community-based rehabilitation, hospital and community-based mental health and addictions and women’s shelter) and lived experience working group in Southeastern Ontario (SEO) met to develop a mechanism for addressing the complex, unmet needs
Acquired Brain Injury in the Context of Family Violence: A Systematic Scoping Review of Incidence, Prevalence, and Contributing Factors [2019]
Brain injury is often a precursor to, or result of, family violence. Yet there is little research identifying the connection of these two phenomena. The health cost (personal or societal) of brain injury within the family violence context is difficult
Alexithymia is associated with aggressive tendencies following traumatic brain injury [2018]
Objective: Aggressive behavior is a frequent legacy of traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study explores the question of how alexithymia, which is associated with deficits in social cognition and empathy, may predispose individuals to aggressive tendencies after head trauma. Method:
Are Traumatic Brain Injuries Associated With Criminality After Taking Account of Childhood Family Social Status and Disruptive Behaviors? [2018]
Objective: The authors aimed to elucidate the links between traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) and criminal convictions in a sample of 724 Canadian males with and without criminal records followed up to age 24. Methods: Prospectively collected data were analyzed to
Association Between Traumatic Brain Injury and Risk of Suicide [2018]
Key Points Question What is the association between medical contact for traumatic brain injury (TBI) and risk of suicide? Findings In this registry-based retrospective cohort study from Denmark that included 34 529 deaths by suicide over 35 years, individuals with medical
Beyond anger: emotion regulation and social connectedness in veterans with traumatic brain injury – 2018
Primary objective: Patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) often present with emotion dysregulation. Most TBI rehabilitation has addressed this impairment primarily in relation to anger, irritability and aggressiveness. Yet, emotion regulation (ER) may have broader ramifications for psychological well-being. The
Beyond anger: emotion regulation and social connectedness in veterans with traumatic brain injury – 2018-02
Primary objective: Patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) often present with emotion dysregulation. Most TBI rehabilitation has addressed this impairment primarily in relation to anger, irritability and aggressiveness. Yet, emotion regulation (ER) may have broader ramifications for psychological well-being. The
Beyond Traumatic Brain Injury: Advancing Forensic Neuropsychological Assessment [2018]
As research on the cognitive impact of medical conditions and mental health disorders advances, it is imperative for forensic neuropsychologists to stay abreast of rapidly accumulating new empirical evidence from neuroscience and neuropsychology to disentangle multiple determinants of cognitive impairment.
Brain Injury and Offending: The Development and Field Testing of a Linkworker Intervention – 2018
Evidence suggests that traumatic brain injury (TBI) is more prevalent amongst offender populations than in the general population, and that it can lead to aggressive behaviour while in custody and impair engagement with offender rehabilitation programmes. The aim of this
Brain injury in an offender population: Implications for reentry and community transition [2019]
This article describes a demonstration project conducted over two years with men from a maximum-security prison in southeastern PA. The project’s core strategy was to identify inmates with history of brain injury, determine their medical/physical, neurocognitive, and behavioral barriers to
Brain injury in an offender population: Implications for reentry and community transition [2019]
This article describes a demonstration project conducted over two years with men from a maximum-security prison in southeastern PA. The project’s core strategy was to identify inmates with history of brain injury, determine their medical/physical, neurocognitive, and behavioral barriers to
Cognitive behavioural therapy for aggression among individuals with moderate to severe acquired brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2018]
Background: Aggression is common after an acquired brain injury (ABI). Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is a form of psychotherapy, in which therapists help patients to identify their maladaptive behaviours. Objective: The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to
Coping strategies and traumatic brain injury in incarcerated youth: a mediation analysis [2018]
Objective: Investigation into whether coping strategies mediated the relationship of traumatic brain injury (TBI) on depression/anxiety and alcohol and drug problems within incarcerated youth. Subjects: A non-probability sample of youth (N = 227) adjudicated for a variety of offences. Methods:
Correlates and Prevalence of Aggression at Six Months and One Year After First-Time Traumatic Brain Injury [2017]
Few studies have examined clinical correlates of aggression after first-time traumatic brain injury (TBI) within the first year after injury. The authors aimed to identify the rates of aggression at 6 and 12 months post-TBI and establish clinical and demographic
Differences between staff groups in perception of risk assessment and risk management of inappropriate sexual behaviour in patients with traumatic brain injury [2018]
This research explored staff perceptions of risk assessment and management of inappropriate sexual behaviour (ISB) displayed in patients following a Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). The primary focus was to determine differences in perceptions between qualified (N = 40) and direct care staff
Effects of a behaviour management technique for nursing staff on behavioural problems after acquired brain injury [2017]
The ABC method is a behaviour management technique for use by nurses. ABC refers to the identification of Antecedent events, target Behaviours, and Consequent events. In this longitudinal intervention study with double baseline measurements we evaluated the effectiveness of the
Emotional Labour of Caregivers Confronted With Aggressive Brain-injured Patients – 2018
Highlights • Emotional labour of caregivers who take care of aggressive brain-injured patients is explored. • Emotional labour depends on the supposed “consciousness” of the patient about their aggressive behaviors. • The social representations could constitute knowledge for dealing with
Enhancing the rights and well‐being of people with acquired brain injuries in the criminal justice system: Some findings from a qualitative study – 2018
This article focuses on the issues currently facing people with an acquired brain injury (ABI) in the criminal justice system in the state of Victoria, Australia and, in particular, the impact of this condition on people suffering various forms of
Exploring Traumatic Brain Injuries and Aggressive Antisocial Behaviors in Young Male Violent Offenders [2020]
Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of disabilities and mortality worldwide, with higher prevalence in offender populations than in the general population. Previous research has strongly advocated increased awareness of TBI in offender populations. The aim of
From conception to evaluation of mobile services for people with head injury: A participatory design perspective – 2018
Adults with cognitive impairments lack the means to organise their daily life, plan their appointments, cope with fatigue, and manage their budget. They manifest interest in using new technologies to be part of society. Unfortunately, the applications offered on smart
Functional Outcomes and Health-Related Quality of Life After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Review [2018]
Throughout recovery, patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) show physical and functional improvement, but continue to have cognitive and psychosocial problems. The aim of this article was to review the literature regarding the functional and health-related quality of life
Hamilton Acquired Brain Injury-Corrections Working Group – Integrating Multiple Sectors for Better Complex Case Management – 2015-11-18
This presentation will describe the development of the Hamilton Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) – Corrections Working Group which addresses the concerns of adults suspected of having an ABI, are at high risk in the community and have frequent contact with the criminal
Head Injuries and Changes in Delinquency from Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood: The Importance of Self-control as a Mediating Influence [2017]
Objectives: The current study examines whether head injuries suffered earlier in the life course are associated with subsequent changes in self-control and delinquency. Methods: Latent growth curve models and path analysis are used to analyze the developmental trajectories of self-control
Health-related quality of life in prisoners with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and head injury [2018]
Background Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and head injury (including traumatic brain injury (TBI)) manifest in high levels across prison samples and guidance from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence notes that people with acquired brain injury may have
Hospital to Community Transition Planning for Acquired Brain Injury (ABI): A Best Practice Guideline [2020]
The Toronto ABI Network has released its new best practices guideline for planning the hospital to community transition for individuals with acquired brain injury. With many programs limited due to COVID-19, well-planned and supported transitions are more important than ever.
Incidence and Associated Risk Factors of Traumatic Brain Injury in a Cohort of Homeless and Vulnerably Housed Adults in 3 Canadian Cities [2017]
Objective: To examine the factors associated with incident traumatic brain injury (TBI) among homeless and vulnerably housed persons over a 3-year follow-up period. Setting and participants: Data were obtained from the Health and Housing in Transition study, which tracked the
Interventions to enhance coping after traumatic brain injury: A systematic review – 2018
Background/Aims: The aim of this study was to identify effective psychosocial interventions to enhance coping in people who have experienced a traumatic brain injury, in order to inform clinical practice and articulate future research directions. Methods: Five electronic databases (CINAHL,
Legal Education Awareness Project (LEAP) ABI Justice Toolkit – Webinar – 2020/11/24
Webinar Synopsis This training will provide information on BIST’s Legal Education Awareness Project (LEAP), a web-based toolkit developed in partnership with the Law Foundation of Ontario to increase knowledge and awareness of challenges faced by persons with brain injury in
Lesion network localization of criminal behavior [2017]
Cases like that of Charles Whitman, who murdered 16 people after growth of a brain tumor, have sparked debate about why some brain lesions, but not others, might lead to criminal behavior. Here we systematically characterize such lesions and compare
Living with suicidality following traumatic brain injury: a qualitative study [2020]
PurposeNumbers of traumatic brain injury (TBI) are increasing, and with suicidality post-injury presenting at 3–4 times higher than in the general population, understanding this is crucial in reducing a devastating outcome. Given the lack of literature, this study investigated the
Long-term physical and mental health outcomes associated with traumatic brain injury severity in post-9/11 veterans: A retrospective cohort study [2018]
Objectives: To examine long-term outcomes of self-reported physical and mental health among Post-9/11 Veterans stratified by traumatic brain injury (TBI) severity, we hypothesized that more severe TBI would be associated with significantly poorer outcomes. Methods: A prospective longitudinal survey of
Loss of friendship following traumatic brain injury: A model grounded in the experience of adults with severe injury [2019]
Relationships make important contributions to wellbeing and maintenance of self-worth. For those who sustain traumatic brain injury (TBI), life is frequently characterized by declining interpersonal relationships. The aim of this study was to understand the post-injury experience of friendship from
Making the Link: Female Offending and Brain Injury [2019-02]
On 6th February, we launched the results of our report, Making the Link: Female Offending and Brain Injury, the first study of its kind into brain injury in female offenders. The study, funded by the Barrow Cadbury Trust and The
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Aggression, Impulsivity, and History of Other- and Self-Directed Aggression [2018]
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is highly prevalent, with an estimated occurrence in the United States of more than 1.3 million per year. While one consequence of mTBI is impulsive aggressive behavior, very few studies have examined the relationship between
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Substance Use [2018]
Highlight • Mild traumatic brain injuries are underreported, resulting in unknown complications. Abstract An evidence review of mild TBI (mTBI) sequela was undertaken to explore associations between mTBI and substance use in college students. The pilot study included a convenience sample
Neurocognitive testing in the emergency department: A potential assessment tool for mild traumatic brain injury [2018]
Objective Despite mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) accounting for 80% of head injury diagnoses, recognition of individuals at risk of cognitive dysfunction remains a challenge in the acute setting. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and
Neurodegenerative Dementias After Traumatic Brain Injury – 2017
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is often considered to be a risk factor for the later development of neurodegenerative conditions, but some findings do not support a link. Differences in research methods, clinical samples, and limitations encountered when assessing and documenting
Neurodegenerative Dementias After Traumatic Brain Injury [2017]
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is often considered to be a risk factor for the later development of neurodegenerative conditions, but some findings do not support a link. Differences in research methods, clinical samples, and limitations encountered when assessing and documenting
Prevalence of Head Injury and Associated Disability in Prison Populations: A Systematic Review [2018]
Objective: This review systematically assesses literature on the prevalence of head injury (HI) and associated disability in adults in prison. Methods: Searches were carried out using electronic databases (PsycINFO, Cochrane Databases, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science). Reference lists of 2
Prevalence of Medical and Psychiatric Comorbidities Following Traumatic Brain Injury [2019]
Objective:To examine the prevalence of selected medical and psychiatric comorbidities that existed prior to or up to 10 years following traumatic brain injury (TBI) requiring acute rehabilitation. Design:Retrospective cohort. Setting:Six TBI Model Systems (TBIMS) centers. Participants:In total, 404 participants in
Research Priorities for Optimizing Long-term Community Integration after Brain Injury [2018]
Objective This paper reports on a funded summit, which convened a multidisciplinary group of experts to provide consensus on the research priorities necessary for improving long-term community integration of individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and their caregivers. Methods The
Sensitivity and Specificity of the Ohio State University Traumatic Brain Injury Identification Method to Neuropsychological Impairment – 2018
Offenders in justice system settings have high rates of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in comparison with the general population. Consequently, justice systems are using screening tools to identify and manage these individuals. Currently, that includes screening for TBI history and
Special Populations Primer: Acquired Brain Injury and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder
To provide an overview of acquired brain injuries and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder and how individuals experiencing these conditions come into contact with the justice system. Across Ontario, many Human Services and Justice Coordinating Committees (HSJCCs) work with these populations
The Building Bridges project: Linking disconnected service networks in acquired brain injury and criminal justice [2018]
People with acquired brain injury (ABI) are overrepresented in prison populations across many countries. An effective service response to reduce this trend requires collaboration between the ABI and criminal justice (CJ) sectors. The Building Bridges project piloted a novel professional
The lifetime prevalence of hospitalised head injury in Scottish prisons: A population study [2019]
Background There is mounting evidence that associates brain injury and offending behaviour, and there is a need to understand the epidemiology of head injury in prisoners in order to plan interventions to reduce associated disability and risk of reoffending. This
The maintenance of friendships after severe traumatic brain injury [2020]
Objective:The aim of this qualitative study was to understand processes involved in the maintenance and development of friendships after a person sustains a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Method:Four people with severe TBI from rural settings in Australia identified one-to-two friends
The Neuropsychological Assessment of Justice-Involved Men: Descriptive Analysis, Preliminary Data, and a Case for Group-Specific Norms [2017]
Objective Neuropsychological expertise has played an increasing role in legal decision-making in criminal contexts. Valid neuropsychological evidence in criminal forensic contexts requires normative data that are representative of justice-involved individuals. Unfortunately, existing normative data appear unlikely to represent justice-involved individuals
Traumatic brain injury and abuse among female offenders compared to non-incarcerated controls [2018]
Objective: To examine the prevalence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and past abuse experienced by adult female offenders. Methods: Twenty-nine female offenders from a UK women’s prison and twenty-nine age and gender matched university controls were recruited. In addition to
Traumatic brain injury and social competence among young male offenders [2019]
Purpose: To investigate the prevalence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) among young incarcerated males and determine the extent of deficits in behavioural regulation, aggression, hopelessness, and perceived social support, compared to a control group of non-incarcerated males. Methods: Sixty-two young
