A Family Experience of Youth Justice – Redesigning Responsive Approaches with New Guides and a New Forensic Model for Youth Justice – 2015-11-17
This panel discussion will frame challenges and provide solutions to issues faced by mental health addictions, and justice sectors in addressing the needs, and enabling the strengths of young people under 18-years-of-age and their families. Through discussion of a family’s experience, and
Building Bridges – Empowering a People in a Remote Indigenous Community – 2019-11-05
Pikangikum First Nation is a remote Ojibway community in the Kenora District of Northwestern Ontario. Due to the high number of youth suicides, addictions, and mental health calls for service, the OPP brought the Community Response Unit (CRU) principles to
Building Integrated Youth Forensic Services – The Journey – 2015-11-17
The Youth Forensic Service is a new provincial ministry initiative, intended to provide alternate care pathways for youth with mental health disorders who find themselves in conflict with the law. By way of forensic assessments, our service’s primary goal is to
Connection to the land as a youth-identified social determinant of Indigenous Peoples’ health [2019]
Background Social determinants of Indigenous health are known to include structural determinants such as history, political climate, and social contexts. Relationships, interconnectivity, and community are fundamental to these determinants. Understanding these determinants from the perspective of Indigenous youth is vital
Considering the Mediating Effects of Drug and Alcohol Use, Mental Health, and Their Co-Occurrence on the Adverse Childhood Experiences–Recidivism Relationship [2018]
Prior research has demonstrated a relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and recidivism among justice-involved youth. It has also been found that drug and alcohol use, mental health, and their co-occurrence increase recidivism. As there is evidence that ACEs increase
Constellations of youth criminogenic factors associated with young adult violent criminal behavior [2020]
This study identified constellations of childhood risk factors associated with violent criminal behavior in early adulthood. Police data were used to sample violent and nonviolent offenders from a population of young adult males with a history of juvenile probation. Risk
Context matters: juvenile correctional confinement and psychosocial development [2019]
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate how adolescent arrest and correctional confinement impact psychosocial development during the transition to adulthood. Design/methodology/approach The research uses a US-based sample of 12,100 youth in junior and high school and again
Contextualizing the nature of trauma in the juvenile justice trajectories of girls [2019]
The proportion of girls involved in the juvenile justice system has steadily increased over the last few decades. Previous research has indicated that the presence of girls in the juvenile justice system is often linked to trauma and violence, and
Contributors to nonsuicidal self-injury in incarcerated youth [2017]
BackgroundDespite elevations in risks associated with self-injurious behavior among community adolescents, the degree to which these features are associated with self-injury among incarcerated youth has rarely been examined. Although the DSM-5 recently proposed a distinct category of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI),
Criminal Spin, Self-Control, and Desistance From Crime Among Juvenile Delinquents: Determinism Versus Free Will in a Qualitative Perspective [2018]
The current research is a qualitative examination of the relations between self-control and deterministic/non-deterministic perceptions of life events and the drifts into or desistance from a criminal spin among juvenile delinquents. Based on in-depth semi-structured interviews with 21 adolescents (11
Criminogenic Risk, Criminogenic Need, Collective Efficacy, and Juvenile Delinquency [2020]
Juvenile delinquency is influenced by reciprocal relationships between micro-level and macro-level factors. The risk, need, and responsivity (RNR) model, and collective efficacy theory are two commonly used frameworks in juvenile justice research. This study builds on previous research by testing
Crossover youth and gender: What are the challenges of girls involved in both the foster care and juvenile justice systems? [2018]
Highlights• In this paper we discuss the struggles of young women who are “crossover youth.” • Crossover youth are children who are simultaneously involved in the foster care and juvenile justice systems. • We use in-depth interviews with 15 incarcerarted adolescent girls and
Desistance Approaches in Youth Justice – The Next Passing Fad or a Sea-Change for the Positive? – 2018
Youth justice in England and Wales has followed a risk-orientated model for almost two decades, requiring interventions with young people to mitigate assessed risk factors for offending. The desistance revolution evident in much of the adult system and research has
Detecting Inconsistent Responding on the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory–Short Form [2017]
The Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory–Short Form (YPI-S) is a convenient measure for assessing psychopathy in settings with constraints on resources. However, the YPI-S does not contain a means of detecting careless or random response styles. The present study describes the
Determinants of parental participation in Family‐centered Care in Juvenile Justice Institutions [2018]
This study assessed if staff members of two juvenile justice institutions in the Netherlands were able to motivate parents to participate in a programme of Family‐centred Care. For research purposes, parents were considered to participate if they (a) attended the
Development of Marijuana Use Among Juvenile Offenders and Its Relevance for Predicting Problematic Binge Drinking: A Dual Trajectory Analysis Approach [2018]
This study builds on past research to examine the association of engagement in consistently high binge drinking behavior in adolescence with the concurrent development of marijuana use and to better understand the development of marijuana use during adolescence among a
Development of Protective Factors for Reducing Juvenile Reoffending: A Strengths-Based Approach to Risk Assessment [2020]
This study described the development of the Protective Factors for Reducing Juvenile Reoffending (PFRJR), a strengths-based measure to assess responsivity, guide case management, and potentially predict desistance. The study employed two diverse independent samples: a construction sample (N = 278)
Developmental patterns of psychopathic personality traits and the influence of social factors among a sample of serious juvenile offenders [2018]
Highlights• All three dimensions of the YPI decline from adolescence (14.5) to early adulthood (25). • The CU dimension showed the slowest decline while the GM showed the fastest decline. • The GM and II dimensions leveled-off early than the CU dimension. • Parental
Developmental Trajectories of Physical Aggression and Nonaggressive Rule-Breaking During Late Childhood and Early Adolescence [2018]
Research has consistently linked two forms of childhood antisocial behavior, physical aggression and nonaggressive rule-breaking, to adolescent delinquency. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the development of problem behavior during the latter years of childhood and early adolescence
Deviant Peer Behavior and Adolescent Delinquency: Protective Effects of Inhibitory Control, Planning, or Decision Making? [2018]
We examined relations between adolescent perceptions of deviant peer behavior and delinquency as moderated by inhibitory control, planning, and decision making in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development
Differences and Similarities in Predictors of Externalizing Behavior Problems Between Boys and Girls: A 1-Year Follow-Up Study [2018]
The aim of this study was to investigate the sex-specific predictive value of age of onset of delinquent behaviors, callous-unemotional (CU) traits, and anger–irritability problems for externalizing behavior problems in institutionalized adolescents over the course of 1 year. A total
Disproportionate Experiences in Custody? An Examination of Minority Youths’ Outcomes in Secure Facilities [2019]
While a significant amount of literature has emphasized the identification and explanation of disproportionate minority contact (DMC) in the juvenile justice system, less research has examined racial disparities in postdisposition outcomes. This study seeks to address this gap through its
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder in Juvenile Justice [2018]
Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) is a new diagnosis in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). We compared juvenile justice involved youths with DMDD to those with disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs) and other mood disorders, to clarify
Dissociable psychosocial profiles of adolescent substance users [2018]
Objective Alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use in adolescence is associated with adverse outcomes. Characterizing adolescent substance misusers, however, is difficult due to the wide range of risk and protective factors linked to substance use. The aim of the present study
Do Callous–Unemotional Traits and Conduct Disorder Symptoms Predict the Onset and Development of Adolescent Substance Use? [2018]
Despite strong evidence of the relationship between conduct disorder (CD) symptoms and substance use, it is unclear how callous–unemotional (CU) traits predict substance use over and above CD symptoms, and their potential interaction. This study used data from 753 participants
Do callous–unemotional traits moderate the effects of the juvenile justice system on later offending behavior? [2020]
BackgroundResearch suggests that callous–unemotional (CU) traits, a recent addition to psychiatric classification of serious conduct problems, may moderate the influence of a number of contextual factors (e.g., parenting, deviant peer influence) on an adolescent’s adjustment. The current study sought to
Do Extremely Violent Juveniles Respond Differently to Treatment? – 2016
This study increases knowledge on effectiveness of treatment for extremely violent (EV) youth by investigating their response to multisystemic therapy (MST). Using data of a randomized controlled trial on effectiveness of MST, we investigated differences in treatment response between EV
Does Juvenile Detention Impact Health? 2018
Youth involved in the juvenile justice system represent a medically underserved population. Recidivist youth have poorer health outcomes compared to youth detained for the first time. This study determined differences in immunization history, substance use, mental health symptoms, and sexual
Does the “last chance” sentence work? Ten years of failures and successes under a juvenile intermediate sanction in Canada [2018]
Deferred custody and supervision order, an intermediate sanction which came into effect in 2003, had never been the subject of a scientific study. In the absence of research data, judges would give the sentence without knowing the outcome. To fill
Does the Effect of Self-Regulation on Adolescent Recidivism Vary by Youths’ Attitudes? – 2017-11
Youth with poor self-regulation or criminal attitudes are at risk for recidivism. Researchers have yet to examine how self-regulation and criminal attitudes intermix to influence recidivism. The present study employed a large sample of 26,947 youth in the Florida Juvenile
Don’t Let Me Fall Through the Cracks: Homelessness amongst Care-Experienced Young People in Wales [2020]
This report is based on the voices and experiences of care experienced young people who have been, or are currently, homeless across Wales. The aim of this research is to amplify these young people’s voices to highlight the challenges they
Down the Rabbit Hole – 2019-11-05
Youturn has a unique perspective of what travelling through the YCJS can look like for youth and the professionals who work with them. Through activities, discussions and knowledge sharing, the presenters will demonstrate how these perspectives have increased engagement and
Drawing the Line: Empirical Recidivism Results From a Natural Experiment Raising the Age of Criminal Responsibility – 2018
Every state maintains some mechanism by which youths can be tried as adults in criminal courts. While scholars have long debated the inherent benefits or detriments of prosecuting youths as adults, empirical studies of actual outcomes have provided mixed findings
Drug Use and Violence Among Adolescents: The Mediation Effect of Attitudes Supporting Violence – 2018
The aim of this article is to study the impact of violent attitudes on the drug use/violent delinquency relationship. A total of 1,420 adolescents from the province of Rimini (Italy) completed a questionnaire concerning drug use, violent behaviors, and attitudes
Dynamic risk factors and timing of recidivism for youth in residential placement [2019]
Highlights • Of the youth who were rearrested during the one year follow-up, about half were rearrested within the first 3 months. • Cox proportional hazard and multinomial logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship between risk factors enumerated
Early Adolescent Substance Use and Mental Health Problems and Service Utilisation in a School-based Sample [2018]
Objective: This paper reports on substance use, mental health problems, and mental health service utilisation in an early adolescent school-based sample. Method: Participants were 1,360 grade 7 and 8 students from 4 regions of Ontario, Canada. Students completed an in-class
Educational and Employment Patterns in Serious Adolescent Offenders With Mental Health Disorders: The Importance of Educational Attainment [2018]
This study examines employment and educational outcomes for justice-involved adolescents with and without mental health disorders in the Pathways to Desistance study. We examine the patterns of education and employment and the effects of several factors, including the presence of
Effectiveness of six core strategies based on trauma informed care in reducing seclusions and restraints at a child and adolescent psychiatric hospital [2018]
1 Objective The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of six core strategies based on trauma informed care in reducing the use of seclusion and restraints with hospitalized youth. 2 Methods The hospital staff received training inMarch
Effects of Formal and Informal Deviant Labels in Adolescence on Crime in Adulthood [2017]
The study reported in this article used labeling theory to examine the relationship between multiple labels in adolescence and self-reported criminal behavior in adulthood. This study used childhood, adolescent, and adult interviews (N = 357) from the Lehigh Longitudinal Study,
Effects of homophobic name‐calling and verbal sexual harassment on substance use among young adults [2020]
Verbal aggression victimization, such as homophobic name‐calling, has been linked to heavier substance use among young people, but little longitudinal research has examined how different types of victimization may affect substance use or whether certain psychosocial factors moderate these risks.
Emotion Regulation as a Predictor of Juvenile Arrest [2017]
The current study examines emotion regulation as a novel dynamic factor of juvenile arrest as it compares with known static and dynamic risk factors. Participants included seventh graders at five urban public schools (N = 420, Mage = 13, 53%
Emotion Regulation Outcomes and Preliminary Feasibility Evidence From a Mindfulness Intervention for Adolescent Substance Use [2019]
Based on the evidence that emotion regulation difficulties underpin many mental health struggles during adolescence, including substance use disorders (SUDs), we focused on distress tolerance as a particularly salient mechanism of action for bolstering emotion regulation outcomes for adolescents in
Empathy and Utilitarian Judgment in Incarcerated and Community Control Adolescents [2018]
We aimed to test direct and indirect associations of affective and cognitive empathy and utilitarian judgment (UJ) on involvement in serious crimes during adolescence. An Italian sample including 67 male incarcerated youths and 239 male community youths completed Rule-Breaking (RBS),
Ethical treatment of youthful offenders: Issues for psychologists [2017]
The treatment of youthful offenders in correctional settings presents psychologists with a range of challenging ethical concerns. The inherent discord between psychologically based goals and correctional objectives yields a complicated ethical landscape for clinicians. These concerns can be partially addressed
Evaluating a mental health service in a young offender’s institution: a thematic analysis of prison officer experiences [2020]
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the current service provision offered by a mental health service in a young offenders institute (YOI) in England. Design/methodology/approachA qualitative exploratory approach was adopted. Five prison officers (POs) (four male and one
Evaluating mental health service use during and after emergency department visits in a multisite cohort of Canadian children and youth [2017]
Objectives The goal of this study was to examine the mental health needs of children and youth who present to the emergency department (ED) for mental health care and to describe the type of, and satisfaction with, follow-up mental health
Evaluating the utility of ‘strength’ items when assessing the risk of young offenders [2018]
There is emerging recognition that positive or pro-social characteristics may lessen criminal propensity. There are now several adult and youth forensic instruments that include protective or strength components. Yet evidence supporting the protective capacities of these instruments with youth offending
Evaluating the Violence Prevention Program: group and individual changes in aggression, anger, self-control, and empathy – 2017-10
While youth violence reduction program is a necessity to prevent long-term criminal and violent offending, its effectiveness in youth violent offenders is not well researched. This study investigated the effectiveness of the Violence Prevention Program (VPP) in addressing the aggression,
Evaluation of the minimum age for consent to mental health treatment with the minimum age of criminal responsibility in children and adolescents: a global comparison [2018]
Background In many countries, a young person who seeks medical care is not authorised to consent to their own assessment and treatment, yet the same child can be tried for a criminal offence. The absence of child and adolescent mental
Evaluative conditioning-induced implicit attitude change in violent juvenile offenders: A randomized controlled trial [2019]
Objective: Even though the dual process of aggression is acknowledged as a mediator of violent behavior, few studies have explored the implicit aspect of violence-supportive cognition. The current study advances understanding of the implicit attitude toward violence and suggests evaluative
