A Family Experience of Youth Justice – Redesigning Responsive Approaches with New Guides and a New Forensic Model for Youth Justice – 2015-11-17
This panel discussion will frame challenges and provide solutions to issues faced by mental health addictions, and justice sectors in addressing the needs, and enabling the strengths of young people under 18-years-of-age and their families. Through discussion of a family’s experience, and
Beyond Recidivism: Investigating Comparative Educational and Employment Outcomes for Adolescents in the Juvenile and Criminal Justice Systems [2018]
While the relationship between juvenile transfer and recidivism has received much scholarly attention, the effect of transfer on other outcomes has largely been ignored. This study examined the effect of transfer on 7-year educational and employment outcomes, with time in
Brains of young people with severe behavioral problems are ‘wired differently’ – 2018
Research published today (Tuesday 1 May) has revealed new clues which might help explain why young people with the most severe forms of antisocial behaviour struggle to control and regulate their emotions, and might be more susceptible to developing anxiety
Bridging the gap between research and frontline youth justice practice – 2018
Although the Risk, Need, Responsivity model of rehabilitation is rooted in a substantial body of research evidence, several studies of the model’s efficacy in youth and adult justice settings within England and Wales have revealed modest outcomes. In this article,
Building Bridges – Empowering a People in a Remote Indigenous Community – 2019-11-05
Pikangikum First Nation is a remote Ojibway community in the Kenora District of Northwestern Ontario. Due to the high number of youth suicides, addictions, and mental health calls for service, the OPP brought the Community Response Unit (CRU) principles to
Building Integrated Youth Forensic Services – The Journey – 2015-11-17
The Youth Forensic Service is a new provincial ministry initiative, intended to provide alternate care pathways for youth with mental health disorders who find themselves in conflict with the law. By way of forensic assessments, our service’s primary goal is to
Can We Hasten Development? Effects of Treatment on Psychosocial Maturity [2017]
Research continues to highlight factors associated with developmental immaturity, including persistent delinquency. This article examines whether aspects of developmental immaturity, psychosocial maturity, and emotion regulation are responsive to therapeutic intervention. Fifty-seven female youth in secure residential juvenile justice facilities participated
Canadian Treatment Guidelines on Psychosocial Treatment of Schizophrenia in Children and Youth [2017]
Objective: A panel of experts, including researchers, clinicians and people with lived experience, was brought together to develop the new Canadian schizophrenia guidelines for the psychosocial treatment of children and youth with schizophrenia or psychotic disorders. Method: The ADAPTE process,
Care Coordination for Youth With Mental Health Disorders in Primary Care [2018]
Many children are treated for mental health disorders in primary care settings. The system of care (SOC) provides a framework for collaboration among pediatric mental health providers, but it is unclear if youth treated for mental health disorders in primary
Care Pathways Before First Diagnosis of a Psychotic Disorder in Adolescents and Young Adults – 2018
Objective: The authors sought to describe patterns of health care use prior to first diagnosis of a psychotic disorder in a population-based sample. Method: Electronic health records and insurance claims from five large integrated health systems were used to identify
Characteristics and personality profiles of first 100 patients admitted to a secure forensic adolescent hospital [2019]
Bluebird House is a mixed-gender adolescent medium-secure forensic unit. There is a paucity of data available about this unique patient group. We aimed to explore the demographic, clinical and personality characteristics of the first 100 patients admitted to a mixed-gender
Characteristics of Female Youth Offenders in New Zealand [2018]
Female youth offending is poorly understood, despite increased rates of such offending. Research indicates there are a range of factors that have a causal impact on the development of offending in young people. This study investigated risk factors using a
Characteristics of patients with Gender Dysphoria admitted to a secure forensic adolescent hospital [2020]
The clinical characteristics of 13 patients with Gender Dysphoria (GD) admitted to a mixed gender secure psychiatric hospital for adolescents were analysed. The main finding was that all 13 patients were biologically female but identified as being male, at least
Childhood Trauma and Psychopathic Features Among Juvenile Offenders – 2018
Despite growing interest in psychopathic personality features in juvenile offenders, few studies have examined the relationship between childhood trauma and psychopathy. The present study utilized two datasets: 253 adolescents in a residential facility for juvenile offenders in Pennsylvania and 723
Children and adolescents with severe acute behavioural disturbance in the emergency department [2020]
ObjectiveMental health (MH) presentations to ED are increasing in children and adolescents. Little is known about patients with severe acute behavioural disturbance (ABD). We set out to describe patients with ABD severe enough to trigger an acute crisis team response
Chronic Juvenile Offenders: Exploring Risk Factor Models of Recidivism [2018]
This study examined the relationship between known risk factors for youthful offenders and rates of recidivism using Poisson regression models. The sample consisted of 564 male and female juvenile offenders referred to the Juvenile Court Assessment Center (JCAC) by the
Client Violence Against Youth Care Workers: Findings of an Exploratory Study of Workforce Issues in Residential Treatment [2017]
Residential treatment centers (RTCs) for youth are plagued by high turnover of youth care workers who provide round-the-clock treatment and supervision to youth with severe affective and behavioral problems. This article presents findings from a 15-month ethnographic study of workforce
Clinical staging for youth at‐risk for serious mental illness: A longitudinal perspective [2020]
ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to identify a sample of youth in distinct stages of risk for the development of a serious mental illness (SMI) according to a published clinical staging model and to follow this sample longitudinally to
Co‐designing for quality: Creating a user‐driven tool to improve quality in youth mental health services – 2018
Background Although high quality mental health care for children and youth is a goal of many health systems, little is known about the dimensions of quality mental health care from users’ perspectives. We engaged young people, caregivers and service providers
Codevelopment of Delinquency, Alcohol Use, and Aggression Toward Peers and Dates: Multitrajectory Patterns and Predictors [2020]
We aimed to characterize developmental patterns of involvement in alcohol use, delinquency, and interpersonal aggression in a normative sample of adolescents by applying multitrajectory group‐based modeling. Using seven waves of data from a cohort sequential study spanning the 6th to
Cognitive functioning and aggressive antisocial behaviors in young violent offenders [2018]
Highlights • Offenders demonstrated average IQ, with better performance IQ than verbal IQ. • The evenness of the cognitive profile needs to be considered in offenders. • Aggressive behaviors were related to problems with response inhibition. • Executive deficits may
Completion and Recidivism Rates of High-Risk Youth on Probation: Do Home Visits Make a Difference? – 2018
Probation supervision with and without home visits is an underresearched area for adjudicated higher risk youth. This study compared 287 juvenile probationers receiving police/probation home visits with similar youth (n = 437) who were supervised on regular probation without home
Connection to the land as a youth-identified social determinant of Indigenous Peoples’ health [2019]
Background Social determinants of Indigenous health are known to include structural determinants such as history, political climate, and social contexts. Relationships, interconnectivity, and community are fundamental to these determinants. Understanding these determinants from the perspective of Indigenous youth is vital
Considering the Mediating Effects of Drug and Alcohol Use, Mental Health, and Their Co-Occurrence on the Adverse Childhood Experiences–Recidivism Relationship [2018]
Prior research has demonstrated a relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and recidivism among justice-involved youth. It has also been found that drug and alcohol use, mental health, and their co-occurrence increase recidivism. As there is evidence that ACEs increase
Constellations of youth criminogenic factors associated with young adult violent criminal behavior [2020]
This study identified constellations of childhood risk factors associated with violent criminal behavior in early adulthood. Police data were used to sample violent and nonviolent offenders from a population of young adult males with a history of juvenile probation. Risk
Context matters: juvenile correctional confinement and psychosocial development [2019]
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate how adolescent arrest and correctional confinement impact psychosocial development during the transition to adulthood. Design/methodology/approach The research uses a US-based sample of 12,100 youth in junior and high school and again
Contextualizing the nature of trauma in the juvenile justice trajectories of girls [2019]
The proportion of girls involved in the juvenile justice system has steadily increased over the last few decades. Previous research has indicated that the presence of girls in the juvenile justice system is often linked to trauma and violence, and
Contributors to nonsuicidal self-injury in incarcerated youth [2017]
BackgroundDespite elevations in risks associated with self-injurious behavior among community adolescents, the degree to which these features are associated with self-injury among incarcerated youth has rarely been examined. Although the DSM-5 recently proposed a distinct category of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI),
Criminal Spin, Self-Control, and Desistance From Crime Among Juvenile Delinquents: Determinism Versus Free Will in a Qualitative Perspective [2018]
The current research is a qualitative examination of the relations between self-control and deterministic/non-deterministic perceptions of life events and the drifts into or desistance from a criminal spin among juvenile delinquents. Based on in-depth semi-structured interviews with 21 adolescents (11
Criminogenic Risk, Criminogenic Need, Collective Efficacy, and Juvenile Delinquency [2020]
Juvenile delinquency is influenced by reciprocal relationships between micro-level and macro-level factors. The risk, need, and responsivity (RNR) model, and collective efficacy theory are two commonly used frameworks in juvenile justice research. This study builds on previous research by testing
Crossover youth and gender: What are the challenges of girls involved in both the foster care and juvenile justice systems? [2018]
Highlights• In this paper we discuss the struggles of young women who are “crossover youth.” • Crossover youth are children who are simultaneously involved in the foster care and juvenile justice systems. • We use in-depth interviews with 15 incarcerarted adolescent girls and
Crystalline methamphetamine (ice) use prior to youth detention: A forensic concern or a public health issue? [2020]
Links between crystalline methamphetamine (CM) use and criminal offending are often drawn in the media; however, there has been little scientific research into this relationship. The aim of this study was to ascertain the prevalence and correlates of lifetime CM
Delinquency and drug use among adolescents and emerging adults: The role of aggression, impulsivity, empathy, and cognitive distortions [2018]
Risk behaviors are well known to be higher in adolescents and emerging adults. Drug use and delinquency present several common predictive factors. The aim of the present study was to assess the contribution of individual factors (aggression, impulsivity, empathy, and
Desistance Approaches in Youth Justice – The Next Passing Fad or a Sea-Change for the Positive? – 2018
Youth justice in England and Wales has followed a risk-orientated model for almost two decades, requiring interventions with young people to mitigate assessed risk factors for offending. The desistance revolution evident in much of the adult system and research has
Detecting Inconsistent Responding on the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory–Short Form [2017]
The Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory–Short Form (YPI-S) is a convenient measure for assessing psychopathy in settings with constraints on resources. However, the YPI-S does not contain a means of detecting careless or random response styles. The present study describes the
Determinants of parental participation in Family‐centered Care in Juvenile Justice Institutions [2018]
This study assessed if staff members of two juvenile justice institutions in the Netherlands were able to motivate parents to participate in a programme of Family‐centred Care. For research purposes, parents were considered to participate if they (a) attended the
Development of Marijuana Use Among Juvenile Offenders and Its Relevance for Predicting Problematic Binge Drinking: A Dual Trajectory Analysis Approach [2018]
This study builds on past research to examine the association of engagement in consistently high binge drinking behavior in adolescence with the concurrent development of marijuana use and to better understand the development of marijuana use during adolescence among a
Development of Protective Factors for Reducing Juvenile Reoffending: A Strengths-Based Approach to Risk Assessment [2020]
This study described the development of the Protective Factors for Reducing Juvenile Reoffending (PFRJR), a strengths-based measure to assess responsivity, guide case management, and potentially predict desistance. The study employed two diverse independent samples: a construction sample (N = 278)
Developmental language disorders and risk of recidivism among young offenders [2020]
BackgroundAlthough factors such as adverse family background have been widely examined, little is known about the prevalence or potential impact of developmental language disorder (DLD) on risk of recidivism in young people with history of criminal justice system contact. MethodsA
Developmental patterns of psychopathic personality traits and the influence of social factors among a sample of serious juvenile offenders [2018]
Highlights• All three dimensions of the YPI decline from adolescence (14.5) to early adulthood (25). • The CU dimension showed the slowest decline while the GM showed the fastest decline. • The GM and II dimensions leveled-off early than the CU dimension. • Parental
Developmental Trajectories of Opioid Use Among Juvenile Offenders: An Epidemiological Examination of Group Characteristics and Criminological Risk Factors [2019]
Aims: Investigate patterns of change and continuity in opioid use among juvenile offenders during adolescence and early adulthood. Identify demographic characteristics of trajectory groups of opioid users. Examine the relevance of risk factors for predicting assignment to opioid use trajectory
Developmental Trajectories of Physical Aggression and Nonaggressive Rule-Breaking During Late Childhood and Early Adolescence [2018]
Research has consistently linked two forms of childhood antisocial behavior, physical aggression and nonaggressive rule-breaking, to adolescent delinquency. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the development of problem behavior during the latter years of childhood and early adolescence
Deviant Peer Behavior and Adolescent Delinquency: Protective Effects of Inhibitory Control, Planning, or Decision Making? [2018]
We examined relations between adolescent perceptions of deviant peer behavior and delinquency as moderated by inhibitory control, planning, and decision making in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development
Differences and Similarities in Predictors of Externalizing Behavior Problems Between Boys and Girls: A 1-Year Follow-Up Study [2018]
The aim of this study was to investigate the sex-specific predictive value of age of onset of delinquent behaviors, callous-unemotional (CU) traits, and anger–irritability problems for externalizing behavior problems in institutionalized adolescents over the course of 1 year. A total
Disproportionality in Juvenile Justice Diversion: An Examination of Teen Court Peer-Derived Consequences [2019]
Juvenile justice diversion programs, such as Teen Court (TC), represent an alternative to traditional juvenile justice responses to youth misbehavior and delinquency. However, although TC represents a potential strategy to address disproportionate minority contact, there is a dearth of research
Disproportionate Experiences in Custody? An Examination of Minority Youths’ Outcomes in Secure Facilities [2019]
While a significant amount of literature has emphasized the identification and explanation of disproportionate minority contact (DMC) in the juvenile justice system, less research has examined racial disparities in postdisposition outcomes. This study seeks to address this gap through its
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder in Juvenile Justice [2018]
Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) is a new diagnosis in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). We compared juvenile justice involved youths with DMDD to those with disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs) and other mood disorders, to clarify
Dissociable psychosocial profiles of adolescent substance users [2018]
Objective Alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use in adolescence is associated with adverse outcomes. Characterizing adolescent substance misusers, however, is difficult due to the wide range of risk and protective factors linked to substance use. The aim of the present study
Do Callous–Unemotional Traits and Conduct Disorder Symptoms Predict the Onset and Development of Adolescent Substance Use? [2018]
Despite strong evidence of the relationship between conduct disorder (CD) symptoms and substance use, it is unclear how callous–unemotional (CU) traits predict substance use over and above CD symptoms, and their potential interaction. This study used data from 753 participants
Do callous–unemotional traits moderate the effects of the juvenile justice system on later offending behavior? [2020]
BackgroundResearch suggests that callous–unemotional (CU) traits, a recent addition to psychiatric classification of serious conduct problems, may moderate the influence of a number of contextual factors (e.g., parenting, deviant peer influence) on an adolescent’s adjustment. The current study sought to
