Considering the Mediating Effects of Drug and Alcohol Use, Mental Health, and Their Co-Occurrence on the Adverse Childhood Experiences–Recidivism Relationship [2018]
Prior research has demonstrated a relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and recidivism among justice-involved youth. It has also been found that drug and alcohol use, mental health, and their co-occurrence increase recidivism. As there is evidence that ACEs increase
Constellations of youth criminogenic factors associated with young adult violent criminal behavior [2020]
This study identified constellations of childhood risk factors associated with violent criminal behavior in early adulthood. Police data were used to sample violent and nonviolent offenders from a population of young adult males with a history of juvenile probation. Risk
Correlates of Future Violence in People Being Treated for Schizophrenia [2019]
Objective: Violent behavior is infrequent among individuals with schizophrenia but is clinically important. The purpose of this study was to provide data on the correlates of violence, which may allow better risk assessment and care. Methods: A total of 1,435
Criminal history and social disadvantage as predictors of the severity of violent offending – 2018
Lethal violence is often seen as the tip of the iceberg and homicide perpetrators are seen as manifesting the most extreme number of various risk factors. This article explores whether that is the case. Using a unique data set combining
Criminal Minds: Narcissism Predicts Offending Behavior in a Non-Forensic Sample
Narcissism has been associated with various offending behaviors; however, the majority of research has concentrated on men using forensic samples. This study (n = 632) investigated narcissism and how it relates to offending behaviors, including both sexes. Significant differences were
Criminality, thinking patterns and treatment effects – evaluation of the Swedish cognitive intervention programme ‘new challenges’ targeting adult men with a criminal lifestyle [2018]
The cognitive intervention programme ‘New Challenges’ targeting adult men with a criminal lifestyle was evaluated in a pilot study. The participants were divided into a cognitive treatment group (n = 32) and a control group (n = 11). In the
Criminogenic Risk, Criminogenic Need, Collective Efficacy, and Juvenile Delinquency [2020]
Juvenile delinquency is influenced by reciprocal relationships between micro-level and macro-level factors. The risk, need, and responsivity (RNR) model, and collective efficacy theory are two commonly used frameworks in juvenile justice research. This study builds on previous research by testing
Depressive Symptoms Associated With Aggression [2017]
Violence is not usually considered to be related to depression, yet findings suggest an association between violent behavior and depression or depressive symptoms in many different disorders. A Swedish study compared the criminal records of 47,158 depressed individuals with the
Desisting from Crime: In-Prison Behaviour and Cognition as Predictors of Post-release Success [2020]
To test the possibility that in-prison behaviour and cognition provide information useful in predicting future desistance from crime, two in-prison variables and nine pre-prison and demographic control variables were correlated with post-prison release success in a group of 1,101 male
Despair Will Hold You Prisoner, Hope Will Set You Free: Hope and Meaning Among Released Prisoners – 2018
The current study examines the self-image and worldviews of 10 released prisoners in Israel through narrative analysis of their life stories, including past and present periods in their lives and future aspirations. The findings reveal a chaotic past perceived as
Developmental and life-course explanations of offending [2018]
Developmental and life-course theories of crime collectively can be viewed as theories which take an age-graded approach to explaining the development of offending based on empirical observations from prospective longitudinal studies. This paper provides not only an account of the
Developmental characteristics of firesetters: Are recidivist offenders distinctive? [2018]
Introduction This study examined the prevalence of developmental disadvantage and the extent that disadvantage could differentiate between recidivist and one‐time firesetters in an Australian sample of firesetting offenders. Methods Variables pertaining to developmental experiences were collected from file data held
Differences in Neuropsychological Functioning Between Homicidal and Nonviolent Schizophrenia Samples – 2018
Few studies have compared performance on neurocognitive measures between violent and nonviolent schizophrenia samples. A better understanding of neurocognitive dysfunction in violent individuals with schizophrenia could increase the efficacy of violence reduction strategies and aid in risk assessment and adjudication
Direct and indirect relationships among posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, hostility, anger, and verbal and physical aggression in returning veterans [2019]
Hostility, anger, and aggression are conceptually related but unique constructs found to occur more often among veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) than among civilians or veterans without PTSD. However, the pathways between PTSD, depression, hostility, anger, and aggression have
Discrimination and Calibration Properties of the Level of Service Inventory–Ontario Revision in a Correctional Mental Health Sample
We examined the predictive properties of the Level of Service Inventory–Ontario Revision (LSI-OR) in a sample of 604 provincially incarcerated men with mental illness from a correctional mental health facility followed up nearly 2 years after release. Recidivism base rates
Disentangling the link between posttraumatic stress disorder and violent behavior: Findings from a nationally representative sample – 2018
Objective: Although research using combat veteran samples has demonstrated an association between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and violence toward others, there has been relatively little research examining this relationship among individuals with no combat history. Method: Data representative of the
Disentangling the Relationship Between Social Ties, Prison Visitation, and Recidivism [2018]
Studies find inmates who receive visits while incarcerated are less likely to recidivate upon release, especially when visits are from spouses and occur frequently throughout incarceration. Absent from these studies is measurement of the quality of an inmate’s relationships prior
Do Demographic Factors Moderate How Well Criminal Thinking Predicts Recidivism? [2017]
Is the relationship between criminal thinking and recidivism the same for criminal justice–involved individuals from varying demographic backgrounds? Relying on two independent samples of offenders and two measures of criminal thinking, the current studies examined whether four demographic factors—gender, race,
Do Ecological Effects on Recidivism Vary by Gender, Race, or Housing Type? [2017]
Several studies show that recidivism is influenced by the context of neighborhoods in which offenders live after leaving prison. However, the research on this topic is mixed, with many studies finding inconsistent or null neighborhood effects. This study addresses this
Do Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Offending Vary Across Indigenous and White Youth Followed Prospectively Through Full Adulthood? [2017]
Although Indigenous youth are overrepresented in justice systems across North America, Australia, and New Zealand, explanations for this overrepresentation are principally theoretical as data at the individual level are lacking. Risk for offending among Indigenous youth may be overestimated because
Do risk assessment tools help manage and reduce risk of violence and reoffending? A systematic review – 2018
Although it is widely believed that risk assessment tools can help manage risk of violence and offending, it is unclear what evidence exists to support this view. As such, we conducted a systematic review and narrative synthesis. To identify studies,
Does electronic monitoring as a means of release preparation reduce subsequent recidivism? A randomized controlled trial in Germany [2018]
This study analyses the recidivism-reducing effect of electronic monitoring (EM) in the context of early work release and home detention as a means of release preparation. We tested the hypothesis that EM reduces recidivism after the termination of EM. The
Does the Military Make the (Wo)man? An Examination of Gender Differences Among Incarcerated Veterans [2018]
Drawing upon prior research that has examined participation in the military and criminal justice outcomes, the current study investigates whether service history elements are associated with arrest frequencies, types of criminal behavior, and if certain service components influenced these outcomes
Down the Rabbit Hole – 2019-11-05
Youturn has a unique perspective of what travelling through the YCJS can look like for youth and the professionals who work with them. Through activities, discussions and knowledge sharing, the presenters will demonstrate how these perspectives have increased engagement and
Drawing the Line: Empirical Recidivism Results From a Natural Experiment Raising the Age of Criminal Responsibility – 2018
Every state maintains some mechanism by which youths can be tried as adults in criminal courts. While scholars have long debated the inherent benefits or detriments of prosecuting youths as adults, empirical studies of actual outcomes have provided mixed findings
Drug Use and Violence Among Adolescents: The Mediation Effect of Attitudes Supporting Violence – 2018
The aim of this article is to study the impact of violent attitudes on the drug use/violent delinquency relationship. A total of 1,420 adolescents from the province of Rimini (Italy) completed a questionnaire concerning drug use, violent behaviors, and attitudes
Dynamic risk factors and timing of recidivism for youth in residential placement [2019]
Highlights • Of the youth who were rearrested during the one year follow-up, about half were rearrested within the first 3 months. • Cox proportional hazard and multinomial logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship between risk factors enumerated
Early adulthood psychiatric diagnoses and the subsequent risk of life-time incarceration: a cohort study [2019]
BackgroundThe association between incarceration and psychiatric disorders has been noted. Yet, existing studies are cross-sectional or examine the risk of recidivism, which has limited the predictive validity of psychiatric disorders as a risk factor for incarceration. To overcome this limitation,
Early childhood predictors of boys’ antisocial and violent behavior in early adulthood [2018]
Research on early childhood predictors of violent behaviors in early adulthood is limited. The current study investigated whether individual, family, and community risk factors from 18 to 42 months of age were predictive of violent criminal arrests during late adolescence
Effectiveness of aggression replacement training in reducing criminal recidivism among convicted adult offenders [2018]
Background Aggression replacement training (ART) is a widely used cognitive behavioural intervention for reducing aggression‐related recidivism among criminal offenders. Its effectiveness in reducing offending, however, remains uncertain. Aim To examine the effect of ART on adult offenders’ criminal recidivism rates.
Effectiveness of Dialectical Behavioral Therapy on Reduction of Recidivism Among Recently Incarcerated Homeless Women: A Pilot Study [2018]
The purpose of this pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) was to compare the 6-month outcomes of a Dialectical Behavioral Therapy–Corrections Modified (DBT-CM) program versus a Health Promotion (HP) program on mitigating recidivism among 130 female parolees/probationers between baseline and 6-month
Effects of Formal and Informal Deviant Labels in Adolescence on Crime in Adulthood [2017]
The study reported in this article used labeling theory to examine the relationship between multiple labels in adolescence and self-reported criminal behavior in adulthood. This study used childhood, adolescent, and adult interviews (N = 357) from the Lehigh Longitudinal Study,
Ending the Cycle of Recidivism: Rehabilitating Non-Violent Drug Offenders – 2018
Prison time is the price of most crimes in America, but it is not the only way to keep our communities safe. When it comes to non-violent drug offenders, many signs indicate that supervised rehabilitation programs are a more effective
Epigenetics and Hot Spots of Crime: Rethinking the Relationship Between Genetics and Criminal Behavior [2019]
There is a growing recognition of the importance of micro-geographic areas in the generation of crime problems. While many studies show that crime is heavily concentrated at crime hot spots, scholars have only begun to examine how living in such
Evaluation of childhood trauma with respect to criminal behavior, dissociative experiences, adverse family experiences and psychiatric backgrounds among prison inmates – 2018
Highlights • Sociodemographic and psychometric data on female and male prison inmates were collected. • Childhood trauma, dissociation and adverse family experiences were prevalent and positively correlated. • A psychiatric background, sexual abuse and violent crimes were prominent in females. • A criminal background,
Examining Associations Between Psychopathic Traits and Executive Functions in Incarcerated Violent Offenders [2018]
Executive functions (EFs) are essential in almost all aspects of daily life and have been robustly related to antisocial behavior. However, the relationship between psychopathy and EFs has remained equivocal. Research investigating lower-level trait dimensions of psychopathy using standardized EF
Examining Individual Characteristics and Program Performance to Understand Two-Year Recidivism Rates Among Drug Court Participants: Comparing Graduates and Terminators [2018]
Drug courts strive to break the cycle of substance use and crime by providing community-based treatment and rehabilitation. The purpose of the present study was to (a) identify significantly different factors between program participants (i.e., graduates/terminators) that may affect recidivism
Examining the link between facial affect recognition and violent offending: A comparison between web‐recruited volunteers with histories of violent and non‐violent offending [2020]
BackgroundThe link between facial affect recognition and criminal justice involvement has been extensively researched, yet there are virtually no data on the capacity for facial affect recognition in post‐incar+cerated individuals, and the results of many studies are limited due to
Examining the Relationships between Cumulative Childhood Adversity and the Risk of Criminal Justice Involvement and Victimization among Homeless Adults with Mental Illnesses after Receiving Housing First Intervention [2020]
Objectives: Exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) is associated with increased risk of criminal justice involvement and repeated victimization among homeless individuals. This study aimed to (1) examine whether the relationship between cumulative ACE score and odds of experiencing criminal
Executive functioning as a predictive measure of offending behaviour [2019]
Purpose Prosociality is considered important in the study of offenders and associated cognitive skills: theory of mind, empathic understanding and moral reasoning, are said to enable self-control and reduce the risk of offending behaviours. Previous research has made associations between
Experience of Child–Parent Separation and Later Risk of Violent Criminality [2018]
Introduction Separation from a parent during childhood has been linked with heightened longer-term violence risk, but it remains unclear how this relationship varies by gender, separation subgroup, and age at separation. This phenomenon was investigated by examining a wide array
Exploring the Relationship between Prison Social Climate and Reoffending [2019]
This study analyses the relationship between prison moral and social climate and reoffending. It relates data from the measuring the quality of prison life (MQPL) survey carried out in all prisons in England and Wales to official data on proven
External Trigger Factors for Violent Offending: Findings From the U.K. Prisoner Cohort Study [2017]
The role of “triggers” for violence is seldom considered when assessing risk of violence in prisoners and forensic patients. A sample of 494 cases from a two-phase study of violent prisoners in England and Wales were rated for presence of
Family Instability in Childhood and Criminal Offending During the Transition Into Adulthood [2018]
The structure and stability of families have long stood as key predictors of juvenile delinquency. Boys from “broken homes” experience a higher prevalence of juvenile delinquency than those from intact families. Unresolved is whether the consequences of frequently disrupted family
From Criminalized Patients to Risk-Exposed Agents: Reconceptualizing Carceral Involvement among Individuals with Psychiatric Diagnoses [2019]
Individuals with serious mental disorder diagnoses (SMD) are overrepresented in U.S. jails and prisons, returning to custody more often and more quickly than those without these diagnoses. This paper examines the strengths and limitations of existing theoretical interpretations of justice
From Family Violence Exposure to Violent Offending: Examining Effects of Race and Mental Health in a Moderated Mediation Model Among Confined Male Juveniles [2017]
Depression, substance use, and impulsivity have been linked to family violence exposure and to the development of violent offending during adolescence. Additionally, the indirect effects associated with these factors may not generalize across different racial/ethnic adolescent populations. The present study
Gender differences in aggression [2018]
Highlights• In proportions of their total aggression scores, girls use more indirect aggression. • Boys use more physical aggression. • Both genders use direct verbal aggression equally much. • There are genetic components of both physical and indirect aggression. • Prenatal hormone exposure is crucial
Gender Differences in Desistance From Crime: How Do Social Bonds Operate Among Formerly Incarcerated Emerging Adults? [2016]
Life course theory suggests that the social bond of marriage can serve as a pivotal turning point toward the termination of criminal activity, particularly for men. Yet limited research has investigated how young adult men and women utilize social bonds
Gender differences in violent offending: results from a multicentre comparison study in Dutch forensic psychiatry [2018]
The past two decades, a disproportionate growth of females entering the criminal justice system and forensic mental health services has been observed worldwide. However, there is a lack of knowledge on the background of women who are convicted for violent
Gender, Child Maltreatment, and Delinquency [2018]
Prior research and theorizing have suggested that the relationship between child maltreatment and delinquent outcomes is gendered. However, research to date that has sought to test this hypothesis has been incomplete due to issues such as inconsistency in findings, focusing
